x402 Payment Protocol

x402 is an open, internet-native payment standard built around the HTTP 402 Payment Required status code. It enables programmatic payments between clients and servers without accounts, sessions, or credential management.

Key Benefits:

• Zero protocol fees (only blockchain network fees)
• Zero friction (no accounts or KYC required)
• Instant settlement via stablecoins
• Works with AI agents and automated systems

Documentation: https://docs.x402.org | GitHub: https://github.com/coinbase/x402

How x402 Works

1. Client requests a resource from a server
2. Server responds with 402 Payment Required + payment instructions
3. Client signs and submits a payment payload
4. Server verifies payment, optionally via a facilitator
5. Server returns the requested resource

Environment Variables

For Buyers (Clients)

# EVM wallet private key (Ethereum/Base/Polygon)
EVM_PRIVATE_KEY=0x...

# Solana wallet private key (base58 encoded)
SVM_PRIVATE_KEY=...

# Target server URL
RESOURCE_SERVER_URL=http://localhost:4021
ENDPOINT_PATH=/weather

For Sellers (Servers)

# Your EVM wallet address to receive payments
EVM_ADDRESS=0x...

# Your Solana wallet address to receive payments
SVM_ADDRESS=...

# Facilitator URL (see list below)
FACILITATOR_URL=https://x402.org/facilitator

Network Identifiers (CAIP-2)

Facilitators

Facilitators handle payment verification and blockchain settlement. Choose one:

Buyer Examples (Client)

TypeScript with fetch

Install dependencies:

npm install @x402/fetch @x402/evm @x402/svm viem @solana/kit @scure/base dotenv

Code:

import { config } from "dotenv";
import { x402Client, wrapFetchWithPayment, x402HTTPClient } from "@x402/fetch";
import { registerExactEvmScheme } from "@x402/evm/exact/client";
import { registerExactSvmScheme } from "@x402/svm/exact/client";
import { privateKeyToAccount } from "viem/accounts";
import { createKeyPairSignerFromBytes } from "@solana/kit";
import { base58 } from "@scure/base";

config();

const evmPrivateKey = process.env.EVM_PRIVATE_KEY as `0x${string}`;
const svmPrivateKey = process.env.SVM_PRIVATE_KEY as string;
const url = `${process.env.RESOURCE_SERVER_URL}${process.env.ENDPOINT_PATH}`;

async function main(): Promise<void> {
  const evmSigner = privateKeyToAccount(evmPrivateKey);
  const svmSigner = await createKeyPairSignerFromBytes(base58.decode(svmPrivateKey));

  const client = new x402Client();
  registerExactEvmScheme(client, { signer: evmSigner });
  registerExactSvmScheme(client, { signer: svmSigner });

  const fetchWithPayment = wrapFetchWithPayment(fetch, client);

  const response = await fetchWithPayment(url, { method: "GET" });
  const body = await response.json();
  console.log("Response:", body);

  if (response.ok) {
    const paymentResponse = new x402HTTPClient(client).getPaymentSettleResponse(
      name => response.headers.get(name)
    );
    console.log("Payment:", JSON.stringify(paymentResponse, null, 2));
  }
}

main().catch(console.error);

TypeScript with axios

Install dependencies:

npm install @x402/axios @x402/evm @x402/svm axios viem @solana/kit @scure/base dotenv

Code:

import { config } from "dotenv";
import { x402Client, wrapAxiosWithPayment, x402HTTPClient } from "@x402/axios";
import { registerExactEvmScheme } from "@x402/evm/exact/client";
import { registerExactSvmScheme } from "@x402/svm/exact/client";
import { privateKeyToAccount } from "viem/accounts";
import { createKeyPairSignerFromBytes } from "@solana/kit";
import { base58 } from "@scure/base";
import axios from "axios";

config();

const evmPrivateKey = process.env.EVM_PRIVATE_KEY as `0x${string}`;
const svmPrivateKey = process.env.SVM_PRIVATE_KEY as string;
const url = `${process.env.RESOURCE_SERVER_URL}${process.env.ENDPOINT_PATH}`;

async function main(): Promise<void> {
  const evmSigner = privateKeyToAccount(evmPrivateKey);
  const svmSigner = await createKeyPairSignerFromBytes(base58.decode(svmPrivateKey));

  const client = new x402Client();
  registerExactEvmScheme(client, { signer: evmSigner });
  registerExactSvmScheme(client, { signer: svmSigner });

  const api = wrapAxiosWithPayment(axios.create(), client);

  const response = await api.get(url);
  console.log("Response:", response.data);

  if (response.status < 400) {
    const paymentResponse = new x402HTTPClient(client).getPaymentSettleResponse(
      name => response.headers[name.toLowerCase()]
    );
    console.log("Payment:", paymentResponse);
  }
}

main().catch(console.error);

Python with httpx (async)

Install dependencies:

pip install "x402[httpx,evm,svm]" python-dotenv

Code:

import asyncio
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from eth_account import Account

from x402 import x402Client
from x402.http import x402HTTPClient
from x402.http.clients import x402HttpxClient
from x402.mechanisms.evm import EthAccountSigner
from x402.mechanisms.evm.exact.register import register_exact_evm_client
from x402.mechanisms.svm import KeypairSigner
from x402.mechanisms.svm.exact.register import register_exact_svm_client

load_dotenv()

async def main() -> None:
    evm_private_key = os.getenv("EVM_PRIVATE_KEY")
    svm_private_key = os.getenv("SVM_PRIVATE_KEY")
    base_url = os.getenv("RESOURCE_SERVER_URL")
    endpoint_path = os.getenv("ENDPOINT_PATH")

    client = x402Client()

    if evm_private_key:
        account = Account.from_key(evm_private_key)
        register_exact_evm_client(client, EthAccountSigner(account))

    if svm_private_key:
        svm_signer = KeypairSigner.from_base58(svm_private_key)
        register_exact_svm_client(client, svm_signer)

    http_client = x402HTTPClient(client)
    url = f"{base_url}{endpoint_path}"

    async with x402HttpxClient(client) as http:
        response = await http.get(url)
        await response.aread()
        print(f"Response: {response.text}")

        if response.is_success:
            try:
                settle_response = http_client.get_payment_settle_response(
                    lambda name: response.headers.get(name)
                )
                print(f"Payment: {settle_response.model_dump_json(indent=2)}")
            except ValueError:
                print("No payment response header found")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

Python with requests (sync)

Install dependencies:

pip install "x402[requests,evm,svm]" python-dotenv

Code:

import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from eth_account import Account

from x402 import x402ClientSync
from x402.http import x402HTTPClientSync
from x402.http.clients import x402_requests
from x402.mechanisms.evm import EthAccountSigner
from x402.mechanisms.evm.exact.register import register_exact_evm_client
from x402.mechanisms.svm import KeypairSigner
from x402.mechanisms.svm.exact.register import register_exact_svm_client

load_dotenv()

def main() -> None:
    evm_private_key = os.getenv("EVM_PRIVATE_KEY")
    svm_private_key = os.getenv("SVM_PRIVATE_KEY")
    base_url = os.getenv("RESOURCE_SERVER_URL")
    endpoint_path = os.getenv("ENDPOINT_PATH")

    client = x402ClientSync()

    if evm_private_key:
        account = Account.from_key(evm_private_key)
        register_exact_evm_client(client, EthAccountSigner(account))

    if svm_private_key:
        svm_signer = KeypairSigner.from_base58(svm_private_key)
        register_exact_svm_client(client, svm_signer)

    http_client = x402HTTPClientSync(client)
    url = f"{base_url}{endpoint_path}"

    with x402_requests(client) as session:
        response = session.get(url)
        print(f"Response: {response.text}")

        if response.ok:
            try:
                settle_response = http_client.get_payment_settle_response(
                    lambda name: response.headers.get(name)
                )
                print(f"Payment: {settle_response.model_dump_json(indent=2)}")
            except ValueError:
                print("No payment response header found")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Go with net/http

Install dependencies:

go get github.com/coinbase/x402/go
go get github.com/joho/godotenv

Code:

package main

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"time"

	x402 "github.com/coinbase/x402/go"
	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
)

func main() {
	godotenv.Load()

	evmPrivateKey := os.Getenv("EVM_PRIVATE_KEY")
	svmPrivateKey := os.Getenv("SVM_PRIVATE_KEY")
	url := os.Getenv("SERVER_URL")
	if url == "" {
		url = "http://localhost:4021/weather"
	}

	// Create x402 client with EVM and SVM support
	client, err := x402.NewClientBuilder().
		WithEvmSigner(evmPrivateKey).
		WithSvmSigner(svmPrivateKey).
		Build()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Failed to create client: %v\n", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	// Wrap HTTP client with payment handling
	httpClient := client.WrapHTTPClient(&http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second})

	ctx := context.Background()
	req, _ := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", url, nil)
	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Request failed: %v\n", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	var responseData interface{}
	json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&responseData)
	prettyJSON, _ := json.MarshalIndent(responseData, "", "  ")
	fmt.Printf("Response: %s\n", string(prettyJSON))
}

Seller Examples (Server)

TypeScript with Express

Install dependencies:

npm install express @x402/express @x402/core @x402/evm @x402/svm dotenv

Code:

import { config } from "dotenv";
import express from "express";
import { paymentMiddleware, x402ResourceServer } from "@x402/express";
import { ExactEvmScheme } from "@x402/evm/exact/server";
import { ExactSvmScheme } from "@x402/svm/exact/server";
import { HTTPFacilitatorClient } from "@x402/core/server";

config();

const evmAddress = process.env.EVM_ADDRESS as `0x${string}`;
const svmAddress = process.env.SVM_ADDRESS;
const facilitatorUrl = process.env.FACILITATOR_URL || "https://x402.org/facilitator";

const facilitatorClient = new HTTPFacilitatorClient({ url: facilitatorUrl });
const app = express();

app.use(
  paymentMiddleware(
    {
      "GET /weather": {
        accepts: [
          { scheme: "exact", price: "$0.001", network: "eip155:84532", payTo: evmAddress },
          { scheme: "exact", price: "$0.001", network: "solana:EtWTRABZaYq6iMfeYKouRu166VU2xqa1", payTo: svmAddress },
        ],
        description: "Weather data",
        mimeType: "application/json",
      },
    },
    new x402ResourceServer(facilitatorClient)
      .register("eip155:84532", new ExactEvmScheme())
      .register("solana:EtWTRABZaYq6iMfeYKouRu166VU2xqa1", new ExactSvmScheme()),
  ),
);

app.get("/weather", (req, res) => {
  res.send({ report: { weather: "sunny", temperature: 70 } });
});

app.listen(4021, () => console.log("Server listening at http://localhost:4021"));

TypeScript with Hono

Install dependencies:

npm install hono @hono/node-server @x402/hono @x402/core @x402/evm @x402/svm dotenv

Code:

import { config } from "dotenv";
import { paymentMiddleware, x402ResourceServer } from "@x402/hono";
import { ExactEvmScheme } from "@x402/evm/exact/server";
import { ExactSvmScheme } from "@x402/svm/exact/server";
import { HTTPFacilitatorClient } from "@x402/core/server";
import { Hono } from "hono";
import { serve } from "@hono/node-server";

config();

const evmAddress = process.env.EVM_ADDRESS as `0x${string}`;
const svmAddress = process.env.SVM_ADDRESS;
const facilitatorUrl = process.env.FACILITATOR_URL || "https://x402.org/facilitator";

const facilitatorClient = new HTTPFacilitatorClient({ url: facilitatorUrl });
const app = new Hono();

app.use(
  paymentMiddleware(
    {
      "GET /weather": {
        accepts: [
          { scheme: "exact", price: "$0.001", network: "eip155:84532", payTo: evmAddress },
          { scheme: "exact", price: "$0.001", network: "solana:EtWTRABZaYq6iMfeYKouRu166VU2xqa1", payTo: svmAddress },
        ],
        description: "Weather data",
        mimeType: "application/json",
      },
    },
    new x402ResourceServer(facilitatorClient)
      .register("eip155:84532", new ExactEvmScheme())
      .register("solana:EtWTRABZaYq6iMfeYKouRu166VU2xqa1", new ExactSvmScheme()),
  ),
);

app.get("/weather", c => c.json({ report: { weather: "sunny", temperature: 70 } }));

serve({ fetch: app.fetch, port: 4021 });
console.log("Server listening at http://localhost:4021");

Python with FastAPI

Install dependencies:

pip install "x402[fastapi,evm,svm]" python-dotenv uvicorn

Code:

import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from fastapi import FastAPI

from x402.http import FacilitatorConfig, HTTPFacilitatorClient, PaymentOption
from x402.http.middleware.fastapi import PaymentMiddlewareASGI
from x402.http.types import RouteConfig
from x402.mechanisms.evm.exact import ExactEvmServerScheme
from x402.mechanisms.svm.exact import ExactSvmServerScheme
from x402.schemas import Network
from x402.server import x402ResourceServer

load_dotenv()

EVM_ADDRESS = os.getenv("EVM_ADDRESS")
SVM_ADDRESS = os.getenv("SVM_ADDRESS")
EVM_NETWORK: Network = "eip155:84532"
SVM_NETWORK: Network = "solana:EtWTRABZaYq6iMfeYKouRu166VU2xqa1"
FACILITATOR_URL = os.getenv("FACILITATOR_URL", "https://x402.org/facilitator")

app = FastAPI()

facilitator = HTTPFacilitatorClient(FacilitatorConfig(url=FACILITATOR_URL))
server = x402ResourceServer(facilitator)
server.register(EVM_NETWORK, ExactEvmServerScheme())
server.register(SVM_NETWORK, ExactSvmServerScheme())

routes = {
    "GET /weather": RouteConfig(
        accepts=[
            PaymentOption(scheme="exact", pay_to=EVM_ADDRESS, price="$0.01", network=EVM_NETWORK),
            PaymentOption(scheme="exact", pay_to=SVM_ADDRESS, price="$0.01", network=SVM_NETWORK),
        ],
        mime_type="application/json",
        description="Weather report",
    ),
}

app.add_middleware(PaymentMiddlewareASGI, routes=routes, server=server)

@app.get("/health")
async def health_check():
    return {"status": "ok"}

@app.get("/weather")
async def get_weather():
    return {"report": {"weather": "sunny", "temperature": 70}}

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import uvicorn
    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=4021)

Python with Flask

Install dependencies:

pip install "x402[flask,evm,svm]" python-dotenv

Code:

import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv
from flask import Flask, jsonify

from x402.http import FacilitatorConfig, HTTPFacilitatorClientSync, PaymentOption
from x402.http.middleware.flask import payment_middleware
from x402.http.types import RouteConfig
from x402.mechanisms.evm.exact import ExactEvmServerScheme
from x402.mechanisms.svm.exact import ExactSvmServerScheme
from x402.schemas import Network
from x402.server import x402ResourceServerSync

load_dotenv()

EVM_ADDRESS = os.getenv("EVM_ADDRESS")
SVM_ADDRESS = os.getenv("SVM_ADDRESS")
EVM_NETWORK: Network = "eip155:84532"
SVM_NETWORK: Network = "solana:EtWTRABZaYq6iMfeYKouRu166VU2xqa1"
FACILITATOR_URL = os.getenv("FACILITATOR_URL", "https://x402.org/facilitator")

app = Flask(__name__)

facilitator = HTTPFacilitatorClientSync(FacilitatorConfig(url=FACILITATOR_URL))
server = x402ResourceServerSync(facilitator)
server.register(EVM_NETWORK, ExactEvmServerScheme())
server.register(SVM_NETWORK, ExactSvmServerScheme())

routes = {
    "GET /weather": RouteConfig(
        accepts=[
            PaymentOption(scheme="exact", pay_to=EVM_ADDRESS, price="$0.01", network=EVM_NETWORK),
            PaymentOption(scheme="exact", pay_to=SVM_ADDRESS, price="$0.01", network=SVM_NETWORK),
        ],
        mime_type="application/json",
        description="Weather report",
    ),
}

payment_middleware(app, routes=routes, server=server)

@app.route("/health")
def health_check():
    return jsonify({"status": "ok"})

@app.route("/weather")
def get_weather():
    return jsonify({"report": {"weather": "sunny", "temperature": 70}})

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=4021)

Go with Gin

Install dependencies:

go get github.com/coinbase/x402/go
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
go get github.com/joho/godotenv

Code:

package main

import (
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"time"

	x402 "github.com/coinbase/x402/go"
	x402http "github.com/coinbase/x402/go/http"
	ginmw "github.com/coinbase/x402/go/http/gin"
	evm "github.com/coinbase/x402/go/mechanisms/evm/exact/server"
	svm "github.com/coinbase/x402/go/mechanisms/svm/exact/server"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/joho/godotenv"
)

func main() {
	godotenv.Load()

	evmAddress := os.Getenv("EVM_PAYEE_ADDRESS")
	svmAddress := os.Getenv("SVM_PAYEE_ADDRESS")
	facilitatorURL := os.Getenv("FACILITATOR_URL")

	r := gin.Default()

	facilitatorClient := x402http.NewHTTPFacilitatorClient(&x402http.FacilitatorConfig{
		URL: facilitatorURL,
	})

	routes := x402http.RoutesConfig{
		"GET /weather": {
			Accepts: x402http.PaymentOptions{
				{Scheme: "exact", Price: "$0.001", Network: "eip155:84532", PayTo: evmAddress},
				{Scheme: "exact", Price: "$0.001", Network: "solana:EtWTRABZaYq6iMfeYKouRu166VU2xqa1", PayTo: svmAddress},
			},
			Description: "Get weather data",
			MimeType:    "application/json",
		},
	}

	r.Use(ginmw.X402Payment(ginmw.Config{
		Routes:      routes,
		Facilitator: facilitatorClient,
		Schemes: []ginmw.SchemeConfig{
			{Network: "eip155:84532", Server: evm.NewExactEvmScheme()},
			{Network: "solana:EtWTRABZaYq6iMfeYKouRu166VU2xqa1", Server: svm.NewExactSvmScheme()},
		},
		Timeout: 30 * time.Second,
	}))

	r.GET("/weather", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
			"weather":     "sunny",
			"temperature": 70,
			"timestamp":   time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
		})
	})

	r.GET("/health", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "ok"})
	})

	r.Run(":4021")
}

Paywall UI (Server Middleware)

The @x402/paywall package provides a pre-built paywall UI that displays when users hit a 402 Payment Required response. It handles wallet connection (MetaMask, Coinbase Wallet, Phantom, etc.), USDC balance checking, and payment submission.

Important: This package is designed for server-side use only. It generates a complete, self-contained HTML page (~1.9MB) with embedded React, wagmi, and wallet adapters that the server returns when a 402 response is triggered. It is not a standalone React component library and cannot be imported into an existing React application.

Looking for React components instead?

• For Solana React apps: Use @payai/x402-solana-react - drop-in paywall components with themes
• For custom EVM/Solana React: Build with wagmi + viem (EVM) or @solana/wallet-adapter-react (Solana)
• Multi-chain SDKs: @dexterai/x402, x402-solana

See the Custom React Frontend Integration section below for details.

Installation (Server-Side)

npm install @x402/paywall

Bundle sizes by import:

Usage (Server Middleware)

EVM Only

import { createPaywall } from "@x402/paywall";
import { evmPaywall } from "@x402/paywall/evm";

const paywall = createPaywall()
  .withNetwork(evmPaywall)
  .withConfig({
    appName: "My App",
    appLogo: "/logo.png",
    testnet: true,
  })
  .build();

Solana Only

import { createPaywall } from "@x402/paywall";
import { svmPaywall } from "@x402/paywall/svm";

const paywall = createPaywall()
  .withNetwork(svmPaywall)
  .withConfig({
    appName: "My Solana App",
    testnet: true,
  })
  .build();

Multi-Network

import { createPaywall } from "@x402/paywall";
import { evmPaywall } from "@x402/paywall/evm";
import { svmPaywall } from "@x402/paywall/svm";

const paywall = createPaywall()
  .withNetwork(evmPaywall)  // First-match priority
  .withNetwork(svmPaywall)  // Fallback option
  .withConfig({
    appName: "Multi-chain App",
    testnet: true,
  })
  .build();

Configuration Options

interface PaywallConfig {
  appName?: string;    // App name shown in wallet connection
  appLogo?: string;    // App logo URL
  currentUrl?: string; // URL of protected resource
  testnet?: boolean;   // Use testnet (default: true)
}

Integration with Express

import express from "express";
import { paymentMiddleware, x402ResourceServer } from "@x402/express";
import { ExactEvmScheme } from "@x402/evm/exact/server";
import { HTTPFacilitatorClient } from "@x402/core/server";
import { createPaywall } from "@x402/paywall";
import { evmPaywall } from "@x402/paywall/evm";

const app = express();

const facilitatorClient = new HTTPFacilitatorClient({ url: "https://x402.org/facilitator" });

const paywall = createPaywall()
  .withNetwork(evmPaywall)
  .withConfig({ appName: "My API", testnet: true })
  .build();

app.use(
  paymentMiddleware(
    {
      "GET /premium": {
        accepts: [{ scheme: "exact", price: "$0.01", network: "eip155:84532", payTo: "0x..." }],
        description: "Premium content",
        mimeType: "application/json",
      },
    },
    new x402ResourceServer(facilitatorClient).register("eip155:84532", new ExactEvmScheme()),
    undefined,  // paywallConfig (using custom paywall instead)
    paywall,    // custom paywall provider
  ),
);

app.get("/premium", (req, res) => res.json({ content: "Premium data" }));
app.listen(4021);

Auto-Detection (Simple Usage)

If you pass a paywallConfig object instead of a custom paywall, the middleware will automatically use @x402/paywall if installed:

app.use(
  paymentMiddleware(
    routes,
    server,
    { appName: "My App", testnet: true },  // paywallConfig - auto-detects @x402/paywall
  ),
);

How First-Match Selection Works

When the server returns multiple payment options, the paywall selects the first one that has a registered handler:

// Server returns:
{ "accepts": [
  { "network": "solana:5eykt...", ... },  // First option
  { "network": "eip155:8453", ... }       // Second option
]}

// If both handlers registered, Solana is selected (first in accepts)
const paywall = createPaywall()
  .withNetwork(evmPaywall)
  .withNetwork(svmPaywall)
  .build();

Pricing Configuration

Simple USD Pricing

{ scheme: "exact", price: "$0.001", network: "eip155:84532", payTo: evmAddress }

Custom Token Amount (ERC-20)

{
  scheme: "exact",
  price: {
    amount: "10000",  // atomic units ($0.01 USDC = 10000 because USDC has 6 decimals)
    asset: "0x036CbD53842c5426634e7929541eC2318f3dCF7e",  // USDC on Base Sepolia
    extra: { name: "USDC", version: "2" }  // EIP-712 params
  },
  network: "eip155:84532",
  payTo: evmAddress
}

Testing

For testing, use:

• Network: eip155:84532 (Base Sepolia) or solana:EtWTRABZaYq6iMfeYKouRu166VU2xqa1 (Solana Devnet)
• Facilitator: https://x402.org/facilitator (testnet only)
• Faucets: Get testnet USDC from Base Sepolia faucet

For production, switch to mainnet networks and a production facilitator.