dotnet-mermaid-diagrams

Mermaid diagram reference for .NET projects: architecture diagrams (C4-style context, container, component views, layered architecture, microservice topology), sequence diagrams (API request flows, async/await patterns, middleware pipeline, authentication flows), class diagrams (domain models, DI registration graphs, inheritance hierarchies, interface implementations), deployment diagrams (container deployment, Kubernetes pod layout, CI/CD pipeline flow), ER diagrams (EF Core model relationships, database schema visualization), state diagrams (workflow states, order processing, saga patterns, state machine patterns), and flowcharts (decision trees, framework selection, architecture choices). Includes diagram-as-code conventions for naming, grouping, GitHub rendering, and dark mode considerations.

Version assumptions: Mermaid v10+ (supported by GitHub, Starlight, Docusaurus natively). GitHub renders Mermaid in Markdown files, issues, PRs, and discussions. .NET 8.0+ baseline for code examples.

Scope boundary: This skill owns Mermaid diagram syntax and .NET-specific diagram patterns -- the actual diagram content, conventions, and rendering tips. Documentation platform setup for Mermaid rendering (Starlight plugins, Docusaurus themes, DocFX templates) is owned by [skill:dotnet-documentation-strategy]. GitHub-native documentation structure (README, CONTRIBUTING, templates) is owned by [skill:dotnet-github-docs].

Out of scope: Documentation platform configuration for Mermaid rendering -- see [skill:dotnet-documentation-strategy]. GitHub-native doc structure and README patterns where diagrams are embedded -- see [skill:dotnet-github-docs]. CI/CD pipeline deployment of doc sites containing diagrams -- see [skill:dotnet-gha-deploy].

Cross-references: [skill:dotnet-documentation-strategy] for Mermaid rendering setup across doc platforms, [skill:dotnet-github-docs] for embedding diagrams in GitHub-native docs, [skill:dotnet-gha-deploy] for doc site deployment.

Architecture Diagrams

C4-Style Context Diagram

Shows the system in its environment with external actors and systems.

graph TB
    User["End User<br/>(Browser/Mobile)"]
    Admin["Admin<br/>(Internal)"]

    subgraph System["My .NET Application"]
        API["ASP.NET Core API<br/>(.NET 8)"]
    end

    ExtAuth["Identity Provider<br/>(Azure AD / Auth0)"]
    ExtEmail["Email Service<br/>(SendGrid)"]
    ExtPay["Payment Gateway<br/>(Stripe)"]

    User -->|"HTTPS"| API
    Admin -->|"HTTPS"| API
    API -->|"OAuth 2.0"| ExtAuth
    API -->|"SMTP/API"| ExtEmail
    API -->|"REST API"| ExtPay

C4-Style Container Diagram

Shows the high-level technology choices and their interactions.

graph TB
    subgraph Client["Client Tier"]
        SPA["Blazor WASM<br/>(WebAssembly)"]
        Mobile["MAUI App<br/>(.NET 8)"]
    end

    subgraph API_Tier["API Tier"]
        Gateway["API Gateway<br/>(YARP)"]
        OrderAPI["Order Service<br/>(ASP.NET Core)"]
        CatalogAPI["Catalog Service<br/>(ASP.NET Core)"]
        IdentityAPI["Identity Service<br/>(Duende IdentityServer)"]
    end

    subgraph Data_Tier["Data Tier"]
        OrderDB[("Order DB<br/>(SQL Server)")]
        CatalogDB[("Catalog DB<br/>(PostgreSQL)")]
        Cache[("Redis Cache")]
        Bus["Message Bus<br/>(RabbitMQ)"]
    end

    SPA -->|"HTTPS"| Gateway
    Mobile -->|"HTTPS"| Gateway
    Gateway --> OrderAPI
    Gateway --> CatalogAPI
    Gateway --> IdentityAPI
    OrderAPI --> OrderDB
    OrderAPI --> Cache
    OrderAPI --> Bus
    CatalogAPI --> CatalogDB
    CatalogAPI --> Cache
    Bus --> CatalogAPI

C4-Style Component Diagram

Shows internal structure of a single service.

graph TB
    subgraph OrderService["Order Service"]
        Controllers["Controllers<br/>(API Endpoints)"]
        Validators["FluentValidation<br/>(Request Validators)"]
        Handlers["MediatR Handlers<br/>(Business Logic)"]
        DomainModels["Domain Models<br/>(Entities, Value Objects)"]
        Repos["Repositories<br/>(EF Core)"]
        Events["Domain Events<br/>(MediatR Notifications)"]
        IntEvents["Integration Events<br/>(MassTransit)"]
    end

    Controllers --> Validators
    Controllers --> Handlers
    Handlers --> DomainModels
    Handlers --> Repos
    Handlers --> Events
    Events --> IntEvents

Layered Architecture

graph TB
    subgraph Presentation["Presentation Layer"]
        API["ASP.NET Core Controllers / Minimal APIs"]
        Blazor["Blazor Components"]
    end

    subgraph Application["Application Layer"]
        Services["Application Services"]
        DTOs["DTOs / View Models"]
        Mappings["AutoMapper Profiles"]
        CQRS["MediatR Handlers"]
    end

    subgraph Domain["Domain Layer"]
        Entities["Entities"]
        ValueObjects["Value Objects"]
        DomainEvents["Domain Events"]
        Interfaces["Repository Interfaces"]
    end

    subgraph Infrastructure["Infrastructure Layer"]
        EFCore["EF Core DbContext"]
        Repositories["Repository Implementations"]
        ExternalServices["External Service Clients"]
        Messaging["MassTransit / RabbitMQ"]
    end

    Presentation --> Application
    Application --> Domain
    Infrastructure --> Domain
    Infrastructure -.->|"implements"| Interfaces

Microservice Topology

graph LR
    subgraph Ingress
        LB["Load Balancer"]
        GW["API Gateway<br/>(YARP)"]
    end

    subgraph Services
        S1["Order Service"]
        S2["Catalog Service"]
        S3["Identity Service"]
        S4["Notification Service"]
    end

    subgraph Messaging
        MQ["RabbitMQ"]
    end

    subgraph Observability
        SEQ["Seq / ELK"]
        OTEL["OpenTelemetry Collector"]
    end

    LB --> GW
    GW --> S1
    GW --> S2
    GW --> S3
    S1 -->|"publish"| MQ
    MQ -->|"subscribe"| S2
    MQ -->|"subscribe"| S4
    S1 -.->|"traces"| OTEL
    S2 -.->|"traces"| OTEL
    S1 -.->|"logs"| SEQ
    S2 -.->|"logs"| SEQ

Sequence Diagrams

API Request Flow

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Middleware as ASP.NET Middleware
    participant Auth as Authentication
    participant Controller
    participant Service
    participant DB as Database

    Client->>Middleware: POST /api/orders
    Middleware->>Auth: Validate JWT
    Auth-->>Middleware: Claims Principal
    Middleware->>Controller: OrdersController.Create()
    Controller->>Service: CreateOrderAsync(dto)
    Service->>DB: INSERT INTO Orders
    DB-->>Service: Order entity
    Service-->>Controller: OrderResponse
    Controller-->>Client: 201 Created

Async/Await Pattern

sequenceDiagram
    participant Caller
    participant Service as OrderService
    participant Repo as IOrderRepository
    participant DB as SQL Server
    participant Cache as Redis

    Caller->>+Service: GetOrderAsync(id)
    Service->>+Cache: GetAsync(key)
    Cache-->>-Service: null (cache miss)
    Service->>+Repo: FindByIdAsync(id)
    Repo->>+DB: SELECT ... WHERE Id = @id
    Note over Repo,DB: await - thread returned to pool
    DB-->>-Repo: Row data
    Repo-->>-Service: Order entity
    Service->>+Cache: SetAsync(key, order, expiry)
    Note over Service,Cache: Fire-and-forget or await
    Cache-->>-Service: OK
    Service-->>-Caller: Order

Middleware Pipeline

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant ExHandler as ExceptionHandler
    participant HSTS as HSTS Middleware
    participant Auth as Authentication
    participant Authz as Authorization
    participant CORS as CORS Middleware
    participant Routing as Routing
    participant Endpoint

    Client->>ExHandler: HTTP Request
    ExHandler->>HSTS: next()
    HSTS->>Auth: next()
    Auth->>Authz: next()
    Authz->>CORS: next()
    CORS->>Routing: next()
    Routing->>Endpoint: Matched endpoint
    Endpoint-->>Routing: Response
    Routing-->>CORS: Response
    CORS-->>Authz: Response
    Authz-->>Auth: Response
    Auth-->>HSTS: Response
    HSTS-->>ExHandler: Response
    ExHandler-->>Client: HTTP Response

Authentication Flow (OAuth 2.0 / OIDC)

sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant App as Blazor App
    participant BFF as BFF (ASP.NET Core)
    participant IDP as Identity Provider
    participant API as Protected API

    User->>App: Navigate to protected page
    App->>BFF: GET /api/user (no cookie)
    BFF-->>App: 401 Unauthorized
    App->>BFF: GET /login
    BFF->>IDP: Authorization Code + PKCE
    IDP->>User: Login page
    User->>IDP: Credentials
    IDP->>BFF: Authorization code
    BFF->>IDP: Exchange code for tokens
    IDP-->>BFF: Access + Refresh + ID tokens
    BFF-->>App: Set-Cookie (session)
    App->>BFF: GET /api/orders (with cookie)
    BFF->>API: GET /api/orders (Bearer token)
    API-->>BFF: Order data
    BFF-->>App: Order data

Class Diagrams

Domain Model

classDiagram
    class Order {
        +Guid Id
        +DateTime CreatedAt
        +OrderStatus Status
        +decimal TotalAmount
        +List~OrderLine~ Lines
        +AddLine(product, quantity)
        +Submit()
        +Cancel(reason)
    }

    class OrderLine {
        +Guid Id
        +Guid ProductId
        +string ProductName
        +int Quantity
        +decimal UnitPrice
        +decimal LineTotal
    }

    class OrderStatus {
        <<enumeration>>
        Draft
        Submitted
        Processing
        Shipped
        Delivered
        Cancelled
    }

    class Customer {
        +Guid Id
        +string Name
        +string Email
        +Address ShippingAddress
        +List~Order~ Orders
    }

    class Address {
        <<value object>>
        +string Street
        +string City
        +string State
        +string PostalCode
        +string Country
    }

    Order "1" --> "*" OrderLine : contains
    Order --> OrderStatus : has
    Customer "1" --> "*" Order : places
    Customer --> Address : has

DI Registration Graph

graph TB
    subgraph Singleton
        S1["IConfiguration"]
        S2["IMemoryCache"]
        S3["IHttpClientFactory"]
    end

    subgraph Scoped["Scoped (per-request)"]
        SC1["DbContext"]
        SC2["IOrderRepository"]
        SC3["ICurrentUser"]
    end

    subgraph Transient
        T1["IValidator~CreateOrderCommand~"]
        T2["INotificationSender"]
    end

    SC2 -->|"depends on"| SC1
    SC2 -->|"depends on"| S2
    T2 -->|"depends on"| S3
    SC3 -->|"depends on"| S1

    style Singleton fill:#e1f5fe
    style Scoped fill:#f3e5f5
    style Transient fill:#fff3e0

Interface Implementation Hierarchy

classDiagram
    class IRepository~T~ {
        <<interface>>
        +GetByIdAsync(id) Task~T~
        +ListAsync() Task~List~T~~
        +AddAsync(entity) Task
        +UpdateAsync(entity) Task
        +DeleteAsync(id) Task
    }

    class IOrderRepository {
        <<interface>>
        +GetByCustomerAsync(customerId) Task~List~Order~~
        +GetPendingAsync() Task~List~Order~~
    }

    class RepositoryBase~T~ {
        <<abstract>>
        #DbContext _context
        +GetByIdAsync(id) Task~T~
        +ListAsync() Task~List~T~~
        +AddAsync(entity) Task
        +UpdateAsync(entity) Task
        +DeleteAsync(id) Task
    }

    class OrderRepository {
        +GetByCustomerAsync(customerId) Task~List~Order~~
        +GetPendingAsync() Task~List~Order~~
    }

    IRepository~T~ <|.. RepositoryBase~T~ : implements
    IOrderRepository <|.. OrderRepository : implements
    RepositoryBase~T~ <|-- OrderRepository : extends
    IRepository~T~ <|-- IOrderRepository : extends

Deployment Diagrams

Container Deployment

graph TB
    subgraph Host["Docker Host / VM"]
        subgraph AppContainer["App Container"]
            App["ASP.NET Core App<br/>mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:8.0"]
        end

        subgraph DBContainer["Database Container"]
            DB["SQL Server<br/>mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2022"]
        end

        subgraph CacheContainer["Cache Container"]
            Redis["Redis<br/>redis:7-alpine"]
        end

        subgraph ReverseProxy["Reverse Proxy"]
            Nginx["Nginx<br/>(SSL termination)"]
        end
    end

    Internet["Internet"] -->|"443"| Nginx
    Nginx -->|"8080"| App
    App -->|"1433"| DB
    App -->|"6379"| Redis

Kubernetes Pod Layout

graph TB
    subgraph Cluster["Kubernetes Cluster"]
        subgraph NS["namespace: myapp"]
            subgraph Deploy1["Deployment: order-api"]
                Pod1A["Pod<br/>order-api<br/>(replica 1)"]
                Pod1B["Pod<br/>order-api<br/>(replica 2)"]
            end

            subgraph Deploy2["Deployment: catalog-api"]
                Pod2A["Pod<br/>catalog-api<br/>(replica 1)"]
            end

            SVC1["Service: order-api-svc<br/>ClusterIP:80"]
            SVC2["Service: catalog-api-svc<br/>ClusterIP:80"]
            Ingress["Ingress Controller<br/>(nginx)"]
            CM["ConfigMap:<br/>appsettings"]
            Secret["Secret:<br/>connection-strings"]
        end
    end

    Internet["Internet"] --> Ingress
    Ingress -->|"/api/orders"| SVC1
    Ingress -->|"/api/catalog"| SVC2
    SVC1 --> Pod1A
    SVC1 --> Pod1B
    SVC2 --> Pod2A
    CM -.->|"mount"| Pod1A
    CM -.->|"mount"| Pod2A
    Secret -.->|"mount"| Pod1A
    Secret -.->|"mount"| Pod2A

CI/CD Pipeline Flow

graph LR
    subgraph Trigger
        Push["Push to main"]
        PR["Pull Request"]
        Tag["Version Tag"]
    end

    subgraph Build["Build Stage"]
        Restore["dotnet restore"]
        Compile["dotnet build"]
        Test["dotnet test"]
    end

    subgraph Package["Package Stage"]
        Pack["dotnet pack"]
        Publish["dotnet publish"]
        Docker["docker build"]
    end

    subgraph Deploy["Deploy Stage"]
        NuGet["Push to NuGet"]
        ACR["Push to ACR"]
        Staging["Deploy to Staging"]
        Prod["Deploy to Production"]
    end

    Push --> Restore
    PR --> Restore
    Tag --> Restore
    Restore --> Compile --> Test
    Test --> Pack
    Test --> Publish --> Docker
    Pack -->|"tag only"| NuGet
    Docker --> ACR
    ACR --> Staging
    Staging -->|"approval"| Prod

ER Diagrams (EF Core Models)

EF Core Relationship Visualization

erDiagram
    Customer ||--o{ Order : places
    Order ||--|{ OrderLine : contains
    OrderLine }o--|| Product : references
    Product }o--|| Category : "belongs to"
    Order ||--o| ShippingAddress : "ships to"
    Customer ||--o| CustomerProfile : has

    Customer {
        guid Id PK
        string Name
        string Email UK
        datetime CreatedAt
    }

    Order {
        guid Id PK
        guid CustomerId FK
        datetime OrderDate
        string Status
        decimal TotalAmount
    }

    OrderLine {
        guid Id PK
        guid OrderId FK
        guid ProductId FK
        int Quantity
        decimal UnitPrice
    }

    Product {
        guid Id PK
        guid CategoryId FK
        string Name
        string SKU UK
        decimal Price
        int StockQuantity
    }

    Category {
        guid Id PK
        string Name UK
        string Description
        guid ParentCategoryId FK "nullable, self-ref"
    }

    ShippingAddress {
        guid Id PK
        guid OrderId FK "unique"
        string Street
        string City
        string PostalCode
        string Country
    }

    CustomerProfile {
        guid Id PK
        guid CustomerId FK "unique"
        string AvatarUrl
        string Bio
    }

Database Schema with Indexes

erDiagram
    AuditLog {
        long Id PK "identity"
        string EntityType "indexed"
        guid EntityId "indexed"
        string Action
        string UserId FK "indexed"
        jsonb Changes
        datetime Timestamp "indexed, default GETUTCDATE()"
    }

    SoftDeleteEntity {
        guid Id PK
        string Name
        bool IsDeleted "global query filter"
        datetime DeletedAt "nullable"
        string DeletedBy "nullable"
    }

    TenantEntity {
        guid Id PK
        guid TenantId FK "global query filter, indexed"
        string Data
    }

State Diagrams

Order Processing Workflow

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> Draft : Create order

    Draft --> Submitted : Submit()
    Draft --> Cancelled : Cancel()

    Submitted --> PaymentPending : Process payment
    Submitted --> Cancelled : Cancel()

    PaymentPending --> PaymentFailed : Payment declined
    PaymentPending --> Paid : Payment confirmed

    PaymentFailed --> PaymentPending : Retry payment
    PaymentFailed --> Cancelled : Cancel()

    Paid --> Processing : Begin fulfillment
    Processing --> Shipped : Ship order
    Shipped --> Delivered : Confirm delivery

    Delivered --> [*]
    Cancelled --> [*]

    note right of PaymentPending
        Timeout after 30 minutes
        auto-transitions to PaymentFailed
    end note

Saga Pattern (Distributed Transaction)

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> OrderCreated : Start saga

    OrderCreated --> InventoryReserved : ReserveInventory
    OrderCreated --> OrderFailed : ReserveInventory failed

    InventoryReserved --> PaymentProcessed : ProcessPayment
    InventoryReserved --> InventoryReleased : ProcessPayment failed

    InventoryReleased --> OrderFailed : Compensate

    PaymentProcessed --> ShipmentScheduled : ScheduleShipment
    PaymentProcessed --> PaymentRefunded : ScheduleShipment failed

    PaymentRefunded --> InventoryReleased : Compensate

    ShipmentScheduled --> OrderCompleted : All steps succeeded
    OrderCompleted --> [*]
    OrderFailed --> [*]

    note left of InventoryReleased
        Compensation step:
        release reserved stock
    end note

    note left of PaymentRefunded
        Compensation step:
        refund payment
    end note

State Machine Pattern (MassTransit)

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> New

    state "Awaiting Validation" as Validating
    state "Awaiting Payment" as AwaitingPayment
    state "Payment Failed" as PaymentFailed

    New --> Validating : OrderSubmitted event
    Validating --> AwaitingPayment : OrderValidated event
    Validating --> Cancelled : ValidationFailed event

    AwaitingPayment --> Confirmed : PaymentReceived event
    AwaitingPayment --> PaymentFailed : PaymentDeclined event

    PaymentFailed --> AwaitingPayment : PaymentRetried event
    PaymentFailed --> Cancelled : MaxRetriesExceeded

    Confirmed --> Shipped : OrderShipped event
    Shipped --> Completed : OrderDelivered event

    Completed --> [*]
    Cancelled --> [*]

Flowcharts

Framework Selection Decision Tree

flowchart TD
    Start["New .NET Project"] --> WebOrDesktop{"Web or Desktop?"}

    WebOrDesktop -->|"Web"| APIOnly{"API only?"}
    WebOrDesktop -->|"Desktop"| DesktopPlatform{"Target platforms?"}

    APIOnly -->|"Yes"| MinimalOrMVC{"Preference?"}
    APIOnly -->|"No, needs UI"| UIFramework{"Server or Client rendering?"}

    MinimalOrMVC -->|"Simple, few endpoints"| MinimalAPI["Minimal APIs"]
    MinimalOrMVC -->|"Complex, many controllers"| MVC["ASP.NET Core MVC/API"]

    UIFramework -->|"Server"| BlazorServer["Blazor Server / SSR"]
    UIFramework -->|"Client"| BlazorWASM["Blazor WebAssembly"]
    UIFramework -->|"Both"| BlazorAuto["Blazor Auto (SSR + WASM)"]

    DesktopPlatform -->|"Windows only"| WPFOrWinUI{"Modern UI needed?"}
    DesktopPlatform -->|"Cross-platform"| MAUI["MAUI"]

    WPFOrWinUI -->|"Legacy compat"| WPF["WPF"]
    WPFOrWinUI -->|"Modern"| WinUI["WinUI 3"]

Architecture Decision Flowchart

flowchart TD
    Start["Service Design Decision"] --> Scale{"Expected scale?"}

    Scale -->|"Single team, moderate load"| Monolith["Modular Monolith"]
    Scale -->|"Multiple teams, high load"| Micro["Microservices"]

    Monolith --> MonoComm{"Communication pattern?"}
    MonoComm -->|"In-process"| MediatR["MediatR + Vertical Slices"]
    MonoComm -->|"Async events"| MonoBus["MassTransit (in-memory)"]

    Micro --> MicroComm{"Communication pattern?"}
    MicroComm -->|"Synchronous"| gRPC["gRPC / REST"]
    MicroComm -->|"Asynchronous"| MsgBus["Message Bus<br/>(RabbitMQ / Azure SB)"]
    MicroComm -->|"Both"| Hybrid["gRPC + Message Bus"]

    Micro --> DataStrategy{"Data strategy?"}
    DataStrategy -->|"Shared DB"| SharedDB["Shared Database<br/>(simpler, less isolation)"]
    DataStrategy -->|"DB per service"| OwnDB["Database per Service<br/>(more isolation, eventual consistency)"]

Diagram-as-Code Conventions

Naming Conventions

• Use PascalCase for node IDs: OrderService, CustomerDB
• Use descriptive labels with technology: API["Order API<br/>(ASP.NET Core)"]
• Use consistent abbreviations: DB (database), API (endpoint), SVC (service), MQ (message queue)
• Prefix subgraphs with the layer or tier name: subgraph DataTier["Data Tier"]

Grouping Patterns

• Group by architectural layer (Presentation, Application, Domain, Infrastructure)
• Group by deployment boundary (containers, pods, VMs)
• Group by team ownership in microservice diagrams
• Use subgraphs for visual grouping -- limit nesting to 2 levels for readability

GitHub Rendering Tips

• GitHub renders Mermaid in fenced code blocks with the mermaid language identifier in Markdown files, issues, PRs, and discussions
• Maximum recommended diagram size: ~50 nodes for readable rendering
• GitHub uses a light theme by default -- avoid light-colored fill that disappears on white backgrounds
• Diagrams auto-size to container width -- keep node labels concise (under 30 characters per line)
• Use <br/> for line breaks within node labels (not \n)
• Test diagrams in GitHub before merging -- syntax errors render as raw text

Dark Mode Considerations

• Avoid hardcoded colors that fail in dark mode -- use Mermaid theme variables when possible
• Default Mermaid colors work in both light and dark themes on GitHub
• If using custom style directives, test in both GitHub light and dark modes
• Prefer semantic classDef styles over inline style for maintainability:

%%{init: {'theme': 'neutral'}}%%
graph LR
    A["Service A"] --> B["Service B"]
    A --> C["Service C"]

    classDef healthy fill:#4caf50,color:#fff
    classDef degraded fill:#ff9800,color:#fff
    class A healthy
    class B degraded
    class C healthy

• The neutral theme provides the best cross-theme compatibility on GitHub
• For doc sites (Starlight, Docusaurus), themes are controlled by the platform's CSS -- Mermaid inherits automatically

Diagram Size Guidelines

Agent Gotchas

1. Always use .NET-specific content in diagrams -- do not generate generic diagrams. Use real .NET types (DbContext, IRepository, MediatR), real .NET tools (EF Core, MassTransit, YARP), and real .NET patterns (middleware pipeline, DI registration).

2. Keep diagrams under 50 nodes -- larger diagrams render poorly on GitHub and doc sites. Split complex architectures into multiple focused diagrams (context, container, component) rather than one monolithic diagram.

3. Use <br/> for line breaks in node labels, not \n -- Mermaid renders \n literally as text. Multi-line labels require <br/> HTML tags.

4. Test Mermaid syntax before committing -- syntax errors cause GitHub to render raw text instead of a diagram. Use the Mermaid Live Editor (https://mermaid.live) or a local preview tool to validate.

5. ER diagram relationship notation follows Mermaid syntax, not UML -- use ||--o{ for one-to-many, ||--|| for one-to-one. Do not use UML multiplicity notation.

6. Use the neutral theme for GitHub compatibility -- %%{init: {'theme': 'neutral'}}%% provides the best rendering in both light and dark modes.

7. Sequence diagram participant names cannot contain special characters -- use participant DB as "SQL Server" alias syntax for names with spaces or special characters.

8. Nested generics (Task~List~T~~) may not render on all Mermaid versions -- the double ~~ at the end of nested generic types requires Mermaid v10.3+. Test rendering in your target environment before committing complex generic type diagrams.

9. Do not use Font Awesome icon syntax (fa:fa-user) in diagrams intended for GitHub -- GitHub's native Mermaid renderer does not load Font Awesome CSS. Icons render as literal text. Use plain text labels instead.

10. Do not configure Mermaid rendering in doc platforms -- platform setup (Starlight remark plugin, Docusaurus theme, DocFX template) belongs to [skill:dotnet-documentation-strategy]. This skill provides the diagram content only.