Scaffold a full credits system — database schema, backend middleware, payment webhooks, frontend state, and UI components. Reads the project first, builds on top of what's already there.

Phase 1: Understand the Project

Before writing any code, answer these questions by reading the codebase:

1.1 Detect the Stack

• Backend: Next.js API routes / FastAPI / Express / Django / Rails?
• Database: Supabase / Postgres / PlanetScale / MongoDB / Prisma?
• Auth: Clerk / NextAuth / Supabase Auth / Firebase Auth / custom JWT?
• Frontend state: Zustand / Redux / React Context / Jotai / vanilla?
• Existing payments?: Check for Stripe / Lemon Squeezy / Dodo / Paddle imports

1.2 Ask the User

Before scaffolding, confirm these decisions:

I'll set up credits for your [framework] app with [database].

Quick decisions needed:

1. What costs credits? (e.g., "AI generation = 5, image gen = 4, export = 2")
2. Free tier: How many credits on signup? (e.g., 50)
3. Payment provider preference? (Stripe / Lemon Squeezy / Dodo / manual only)
4. Credit pack pricing? (e.g., "$5 = 100 credits, $10 = 250 credits")

Defaults: 50 free credits, per-action costs you define, Stripe.

Phase 2: Database Schema

Create the schema that matches their database.

For SQL databases (Supabase / Postgres / PlanetScale):

Users table — add credits column if it doesn't exist:

-- Add to existing users table
ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS credits integer DEFAULT [FREE_CREDITS] NOT NULL;

If no users table exists, create one with the minimum needed:

CREATE TABLE users (
  id uuid PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
  auth_id text UNIQUE NOT NULL,        -- from auth provider (clerk_id, supabase uid, etc.)
  email text UNIQUE,
  credits integer DEFAULT [FREE_CREDITS] NOT NULL,
  created_at timestamptz DEFAULT now()
);

Credit transactions table — this is the audit trail. Non-negotiable:

CREATE TABLE credit_transactions (
  id uuid PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
  user_id uuid REFERENCES users(id) NOT NULL,
  amount integer NOT NULL,              -- positive = add, negative = spend
  reason text NOT NULL,                 -- 'signup_bonus', 'purchase', 'generation', 'refund', 'admin_grant', 'promo_code'
  metadata jsonb DEFAULT '{}',          -- payment_id, action details, admin notes
  created_at timestamptz DEFAULT now()
);

CREATE INDEX idx_credit_tx_user ON credit_transactions(user_id);
CREATE INDEX idx_credit_tx_created ON credit_transactions(created_at);

Promo codes table (optional but recommended):

CREATE TABLE promo_codes (
  id uuid PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
  code text UNIQUE NOT NULL,
  credits_amount integer NOT NULL,
  max_uses integer DEFAULT 1,
  times_used integer DEFAULT 0,
  email text,                           -- NULL = anyone can use, set = restricted to this email
  expires_at timestamptz,               -- NULL = never expires
  created_at timestamptz DEFAULT now()
);

For Prisma:

model User {
  id        String   @id @default(uuid())
  authId    String   @unique @map("auth_id")
  email     String?  @unique
  credits   Int      @default([FREE_CREDITS])
  createdAt DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")

  transactions CreditTransaction[]

  @@map("users")
}

model CreditTransaction {
  id        String   @id @default(uuid())
  userId    String   @map("user_id")
  amount    Int                          // positive = add, negative = spend
  reason    String                       // signup_bonus, purchase, generation, etc.
  metadata  Json     @default("{}")
  createdAt DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")

  user User @relation(fields: [userId], references: [id])

  @@index([userId])
  @@index([createdAt])
  @@map("credit_transactions")
}

For MongoDB / Mongoose:

const creditTransactionSchema = new Schema({
  userId: { type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User', required: true, index: true },
  amount: { type: Number, required: true },
  reason: { type: String, required: true },
  metadata: { type: Schema.Types.Mixed, default: {} },
  createdAt: { type: Date, default: Date.now, index: true },
});

Tell the user: "Created credit_transactions table. Every credit change is logged — you'll never wonder where credits went."

Phase 3: Backend Credit Service

Create a credit service module with these core functions. Adapt to the project's language and framework.

Core Functions

get_credits(user_identifier) — Get current balance:

Input: auth_id or email (whatever the project uses to identify users)
Output: integer (credit balance) or null (user not found)
Logic: Query users table, return credits column

deduct_credits(user_identifier, amount, reason) — Spend credits:

Input: user identifier, amount to deduct, reason string
Output: boolean (success/failure)
Logic:
  1. Get current credits
  2. If credits < amount → return false (DO NOT go negative)
  3. Update users.credits = credits - amount
  4. Insert credit_transactions record with negative amount
  5. Return true

add_credits(user_identifier, amount, reason, metadata) — Add credits:

Input: user identifier, amount to add, reason, optional metadata (payment_id, promo_code, etc.)
Output: new balance
Logic:
  1. Update users.credits = credits + amount
  2. Insert credit_transactions record with positive amount
  3. Return new balance

Important implementation details:

• The deduct function MUST check balance before deducting — never trust the frontend
• Use database-level constraints or transactions to prevent race conditions
• For high-throughput: use UPDATE users SET credits = credits - $amount WHERE id = $id AND credits >= $amount and check affected rows
• Always log to credit_transactions — this is your financial audit trail

Credit Check Middleware

Create middleware that runs before any credit-consuming endpoint:

For Next.js API routes:

// middleware pattern — adapt to project's auth
export function withCredits(handler, cost) {
  return async (req, res) => {
    const user = await getAuthUser(req); // from project's auth
    const credits = await getCredits(user.id);

    if (credits < cost) {
      return res.status(402).json({
        error: 'Insufficient credits',
        required: cost,
        balance: credits,
      });
    }

    // Attach to request for handler to use
    req.creditsCost = cost;
    req.deductCredits = () => deductCredits(user.id, cost, 'api_action');

    return handler(req, res);
  };
}

For FastAPI:

async def require_credits(amount: int):
    async def dependency(request: Request):
        user = await get_current_user(request)  # from project's auth
        credits = get_credits(user.id)
        if credits is None or credits < amount:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=402,
                detail={"error": "Insufficient credits", "required": amount, "balance": credits or 0}
            )
        return user
    return Depends(dependency)

For Express:

function requireCredits(cost) {
  return async (req, res, next) => {
    const credits = await getCredits(req.user.id);
    if (credits < cost) {
      return res.status(402).json({ error: 'Insufficient credits', required: cost, balance: credits });
    }
    req.creditsCost = cost;
    next();
  };
}

HTTP 402 is the right status code for insufficient credits. It literally means "Payment Required." Handle it explicitly in error handlers — don't let it get caught by generic 4xx/5xx handlers.

Credit Costs Config

Create a single source of truth for what things cost:

// config/credits.ts (or equivalent)
export const CREDIT_COSTS = {
  // Define based on user's answer from Phase 1
  GENERATE: 5,
  REGENERATE: 1,
  IMAGE: 4,
  EXPORT: 2,
} as const;

export const FREE_CREDITS = 50;

export const CREDIT_PACKS = [
  { credits: 100, price_cents: 500, label: '$5' },
  { credits: 250, price_cents: 1000, label: '$10' },
  { credits: 600, price_cents: 2000, label: '$20' },
] as const;

Phase 4: Payment Integration

Wire up the payment provider the user chose. Each provider follows the same pattern:

1. Create a checkout session with credits amount in metadata
2. Redirect user to hosted checkout page
3. Receive webhook when payment succeeds
4. Add credits to user's account

Stripe Integration

Create checkout endpoint:

POST /api/payments/create-checkout
Body: { credits: number, price_id: string }

Logic:
  1. Get authenticated user
  2. Create Stripe Checkout Session:
     - line_items: the selected credit pack
     - metadata: { user_id, credits_amount }
     - success_url: /checkout/success?session_id={CHECKOUT_SESSION_ID}
     - cancel_url: /pricing
  3. Return { url: session.url }

Webhook handler:

POST /api/webhooks/stripe
Headers: stripe-signature

Logic:
  1. Verify webhook signature using STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET
  2. Handle event type: checkout.session.completed
  3. Extract metadata.user_id and metadata.credits_amount
  4. IDEMPOTENCY CHECK: query credit_transactions for this payment_id
     - If found → return 200 (already processed)
  5. Call add_credits(user_id, credits_amount, 'purchase', { payment_id: session.id })
  6. Return 200

CRITICAL: Always return 200 to prevent retries, even on errors. Log the error instead.

Environment variables needed:

STRIPE_SECRET_KEY=sk_live_...
STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET=whsec_...
STRIPE_PRICE_ID_100=price_...    # $5 = 100 credits
STRIPE_PRICE_ID_250=price_...    # $10 = 250 credits

Lemon Squeezy Integration

Create checkout:

POST /api/payments/create-checkout
Body: { variant_id: string, credits: number }

Logic:
  1. POST to https://api.lemonsqueezy.com/v1/checkouts
  2. Include custom_data: { user_id, credits }
  3. Return { url: checkout_url }

Webhook:

POST /api/webhooks/lemonsqueezy
Headers: x-signature (HMAC hex)

Logic:
  1. Verify HMAC-SHA256 signature
  2. Handle event: order_created
  3. Extract custom_data.user_id, custom_data.credits
  4. Idempotency check → add_credits

Dodo Payments Integration

Create checkout:

POST /api/payments/create-checkout
Body: { amount_cents: number, credits: number }

Logic:
  1. POST to https://live.dodopayments.com/checkouts
  2. Headers: Authorization: Bearer DODO_API_KEY
  3. Include metadata: { user_id, credits }
  4. Return { checkout_url }

Webhook:

POST /api/webhooks/dodo
Headers: webhook-id, webhook-timestamp, webhook-signature

Logic:
  1. Verify Standard Webhooks signature:
     - Strip "whsec_" prefix from secret
     - Base64 decode the secret
     - HMAC-SHA256 over "{webhook-id}.{webhook-timestamp}.{raw_body}"
     - Compare with webhook-signature header
  2. Handle event: payment.succeeded
  3. Extract metadata → idempotency check → add_credits

Webhook Security Checklist

Regardless of provider, every webhook handler MUST:

1. Verify the signature — never trust unverified webhooks
2. Check idempotency — payment_id should be unique in credit_transactions
3. Return 200 always — even on errors, to prevent infinite retries
4. Log everything — payment_id, user_id, amount, timestamp
5. Use raw body for signature verification — parsed JSON won't match the signature

Phase 5: Frontend Credit State

Zustand Store (recommended for React)

import { create } from 'zustand';

interface CreditsStore {
  credits: number | null;  // null = not loaded yet
  setCredits: (credits: number | null) => void;
  deduct: (amount: number) => void;
}

export const useCreditsStore = create<CreditsStore>((set) => ({
  credits: null,
  setCredits: (credits) => set({ credits }),
  deduct: (amount) =>
    set((state) => ({
      credits: state.credits !== null ? Math.max(0, state.credits - amount) : null,
    })),
}));

Credit Sync Hook

// hooks/useCredits.ts
export function useCredits() {
  const { credits, setCredits, deduct } = useCreditsStore();

  // Fetch on mount (after auth)
  const fetchCredits = async () => {
    const res = await fetch('/api/user/credits');
    const data = await res.json();
    setCredits(data.credits);
  };

  // Optimistic deduction — update UI immediately, backend confirms async
  const spendCredits = async (amount: number, action: () => Promise<void>) => {
    if (credits !== null && credits < amount) {
      // Trigger low credit UI
      return { success: false, reason: 'insufficient' };
    }

    deduct(amount); // Optimistic UI update
    try {
      await action(); // The actual API call (which also deducts server-side)
      return { success: true };
    } catch (error) {
      // Refund the optimistic deduction
      await fetchCredits();
      return { success: false, reason: 'error' };
    }
  };

  const hasEnough = (amount: number) => credits !== null && credits >= amount;

  return { credits, fetchCredits, spendCredits, hasEnough };
}

Key UX Patterns

Credit display in header/nav:

• Show current balance near user avatar/menu
• Format: "42 credits" or just "42" with a coin/token icon
• If null (loading), show skeleton or nothing — never show 0 while loading

Low credit warning thresholds:

const LOW_CREDIT_THRESHOLD = 20;      // Show gentle reminder
const CRITICAL_THRESHOLD = 10;         // Show prominent warning
const ZERO_THRESHOLD = 0;              // Block action, show buy modal

Pre-action credit check: Before any credit-consuming action, check client-side first:

if (!hasEnough(CREDIT_COSTS.GENERATE)) {
  openBuyCreditsModal();
  return;
}

This prevents unnecessary API calls. The server still validates — this is just UX.

Phase 6: UI Components

Create these components, matching the project's existing design system.

1. Credit Balance Display

• Shows in header/nav bar
• Updates in real-time after actions
• Subtle pulse animation when credits change
• Click to open buy modal

2. Buy Credits Modal/Slider

• Shows credit pack options with pricing
• Highlights best value pack
• Shows what credits buy: "100 credits = ~20 generations + 5 images"
• CTA button that creates checkout and redirects

3. Low Credit Warning

• Appears when balance drops below threshold
• Non-blocking for LOW (banner/toast)
• Blocking for ZERO (modal with buy CTA)
• Shows credit costs as reminder
• "Buy credits" primary CTA + "I'll be careful" dismiss (if credits > 0)

4. Credit Cost Indicators

• Show cost next to every action button: "Generate (5 credits)"
• Gray out buttons when insufficient credits
• Tooltip on disabled button: "You need X more credits"

5. Checkout Success Page

• "/checkout/success" route
• Polls /api/user/credits until balance updates (webhook may take a few seconds)
• Shows confetti/celebration + new balance
• CTA back to main app

6. Transaction History (optional but recommended)

• Table/list of all credit changes
• Columns: date, action, amount (+/-), balance after
• Filter by reason (purchases, spending, bonuses)
• Useful for user trust — they can see exactly where credits went

Phase 7: Promo Code System

Redeem Endpoint

POST /api/credits/redeem
Body: { code: string }

Logic:
  1. Get authenticated user
  2. Find promo code by code string
  3. Validate:
     - Code exists
     - Not expired (expires_at is null or > now)
     - times_used < max_uses
     - If email is set on code, must match user's email
  4. Add credits to user
  5. Increment times_used on promo code
  6. Log transaction with reason='promo_code', metadata={ code }
  7. Return { credits_added, new_balance }

Admin Create Code Endpoint

POST /api/admin/promo-codes
Body: { credits_amount, max_uses?, email?, expires_in_days?, custom_code? }
Auth: Admin only

Logic:
  1. Generate random 8-char code if no custom_code
  2. Insert into promo_codes table
  3. Return { code, credits_amount, expires_at }

Promo codes are essential for:

• Beta user onboarding
• Influencer/partner distribution
• Customer support ("sorry for the issue, here's 50 credits")
• Marketing campaigns

Phase 8: Admin Tools

Add Credits Endpoint

POST /api/admin/add-credits
Body: { email: string, amount: number, reason?: string }
Auth: Admin only (check admin secret header or admin role)

Logic:
  1. Find user by email
  2. Add credits
  3. Log transaction with reason (default: 'admin_grant')
  4. Return { email, credits_added, new_balance }

Credit Analytics (read from credit_transactions)

Useful queries to surface in an admin panel:

• Total credits purchased (sum where reason='purchase')
• Total credits spent (sum where amount < 0)
• Credits outstanding (sum of all users.credits)
• Revenue (count purchases * price)
• Most active users (group by user_id, sum spending)
• Spend by action type (group by reason)

Phase 9: Wire It All Together

After creating all the pieces, connect them:

1. Auth sync: When a user signs in, fetch their credit balance and hydrate the frontend store
2. Every protected endpoint: Add credit check middleware with the appropriate cost
3. Every credit-consuming UI action: Add client-side hasEnough check + server-side middleware
4. After every action: Optimistically deduct in frontend, confirm via API response
5. Webhook route: Register with payment provider, test with CLI tools
6. Success page: Create /checkout/success with polling logic

Verification Checklist

After scaffolding, walk through these flows:

Flow 1: New User Signup
[ ] User signs up → gets FREE_CREDITS
[ ] Credit balance shows in UI
[ ] Transaction logged: reason='signup_bonus'

Flow 2: Spend Credits
[ ] User triggers action → credits deducted
[ ] UI updates optimistically
[ ] Server validates balance before processing
[ ] 402 returned if insufficient
[ ] Transaction logged with correct reason

Flow 3: Buy Credits
[ ] User clicks buy → redirected to checkout
[ ] Payment succeeds → webhook received
[ ] Webhook verified → credits added
[ ] Idempotent (double webhook doesn't double-credit)
[ ] UI refreshes with new balance
[ ] Transaction logged: reason='purchase'

Flow 4: Promo Code
[ ] User enters code → credits added
[ ] Code usage incremented
[ ] Expired/used codes rejected
[ ] Email-restricted codes enforced

Flow 5: Edge Cases
[ ] Insufficient credits → clear error, buy CTA shown
[ ] Concurrent requests → no negative balance (DB constraint or check)
[ ] Webhook arrives before redirect → still works
[ ] Network error during action → optimistic deduction rolled back

Tell the user which flows are wired and which need manual testing.

Important Notes

• Never trust the frontend balance. Always validate server-side. The frontend balance is for UX only.
• Log every credit change. The credit_transactions table is your source of truth, not the credits column. If they ever disagree, transactions win.
• Idempotency on webhooks is non-negotiable. Payment providers retry. Double-crediting loses you money.
• HTTP 402 is the correct status code. Not 403, not 400. 402 means "Payment Required."
• Start simple. One credit pack at one price. Add tiers later when you have data on what users actually buy.