Synology Backup

Backup OpenClaw data to a Synology NAS over SMB or SSH/rsync. Designed for secure, automated daily snapshots with configurable retention, integrity verification, and failure alerting.

Setup

1. Network Connectivity

For VPS-to-NAS backups, use Tailscale for secure connectivity without exposing SMB to the internet:

1. Install Tailscale on the Synology (Package Center → search "Tailscale")
2. Install Tailscale on the VPS — see Tailscale's official install guide for your platform
3. Join both to the same tailnet
4. Use the Synology's Tailscale IP in config

For local network setups, use the NAS local IP directly.

2. Synology Preparation

1. Create a dedicated user on the Synology (e.g., openclaw-backup) with minimal permissions
2. Create or choose a shared folder (e.g., backups)
3. Grant the user read/write access to only that folder — not admin access

3. Credentials File (SMB transport)

Create an SMB credentials file with restricted permissions — never store credentials in config or scripts:

touch ~/.openclaw/.smb-credentials
chmod 600 ~/.openclaw/.smb-credentials
# Add two lines:
# username=<your-synology-user>
# password=<your-synology-password>

4. Configuration

Create ~/.openclaw/synology-backup.json:

{
  "host": "100.x.x.x",
  "share": "backups/openclaw",
  "mountPoint": "/mnt/synology",
  "credentialsFile": "~/.openclaw/.smb-credentials",
  "smbVersion": "3.0",
  "transport": "smb",
  "notifyOnSuccess": false,
  "backupPaths": [
    "~/.openclaw/workspace",
    "~/.openclaw/openclaw.json",
    "~/.openclaw/cron",
    "~/.openclaw/agents"
  ],
  "backupExclude": [],
  "includeSubAgentWorkspaces": true,
  "retention": 7,
  "preRestoreRetention": 3,
  "schedule": "0 3 * * *"
}

SSH transport (recommended): Set "transport": "ssh" and add "sshUser": "your-user". No credentials file needed — uses SSH key auth. Requires rsync + SSH access to the Synology.

⚠️ SSH host key warning: Scripts use StrictHostKeyChecking=yes. Add your NAS host key to ~/.ssh/known_hosts first by connecting manually once (ssh user@nas-ip) before automation.

Sensitive files: The .env file (containing API keys) is excluded by default. Only add it to backupPaths if your NAS share is restricted to a dedicated low-privilege user and encrypted at rest. When in doubt, leave it out — you can always re-enter API keys from scratch.

5. Install Dependencies

apt-get install -y cifs-utils rsync jq

jq is required — all scripts use it to parse the config JSON.

6. Register the Backup Cron

openclaw cron add \
  --name "Synology Backup" \
  --schedule "0 3 * * *" \
  --tz "America/Los_Angeles" \
  --message "Run the daily Synology backup: bash ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills/synology-backup/scripts/backup.sh && bash ~/.openclaw/workspace/skills/synology-backup/scripts/verify.sh. If either step fails, use the OpenClaw message tool explicitly to alert the target channel with the failing step and key error text. Then reply NO_REPLY."

Usage

Backup Now

scripts/backup.sh

Runs an incremental backup. Add --dry-run to preview what would be backed up without touching anything.

Check Status

scripts/status.sh

Shows mount health, last backup time, snapshot count, total size, and pre-restore safety snapshots.

Verify Integrity

scripts/verify.sh          # verify latest snapshot
scripts/verify.sh 2026-03-25  # verify specific date

Checksums key files and counts directory contents against the snapshot to confirm data integrity.

Restore a Snapshot

scripts/restore.sh          # list available snapshots
scripts/restore.sh 2026-03-25   # restore from specific date

Before restoring, automatically saves a pre-restore safety snapshot of your current state. If the restore goes wrong, restore the safety snapshot to undo.

What Gets Backed Up

• ~/.openclaw/workspace/ — memory, SOUL, AGENTS, skills, all workspace files
• ~/.openclaw/workspace-*/ — all sub-agent workspaces (if enabled)
• ~/.openclaw/openclaw.json — main config
• ~/.openclaw/cron/ — cron job definitions
• ~/.openclaw/agents/ — agent configurations
• ~/.openclaw/.env — opt-in only (contains API keys)

Snapshot Structure

backups/
├── 2026-03-25/
│   ├── manifest.json          # timestamp, host, path counts
│   ├── workspace/
│   ├── workspace-news/
│   ├── agents/
│   ├── cron/
│   └── openclaw.json
├── pre-restore-2026-03-25-143022/   # safety snapshot before restore
├── 2026-03-24/
└── ...

Failure Alerting

If a backup fails, the recommended pattern is for the OpenClaw cron/session layer to send the alert explicitly via the message tool.

Recommended alert contents:

• which step failed (backup.sh or verify.sh)
• key error text
• hostname and snapshot date when available

Before You Enable Automated Cron

Run with --dry-run first and review the output:

scripts/backup.sh --dry-run

Then make sure your cron prompt owns notification behavior explicitly instead of relying on shell-side delivery.

Security Notes

• Credentials: Always use a dedicated SMB credentials file with chmod 600. Never inline secrets in config, scripts, or fstab.
• jq required: Install with apt-get install -y jq. All scripts depend on it for config parsing.
• Notifications: Keep notification ownership in the OpenClaw cron/session layer. Avoid hidden shell-side delivery paths.
• SSH host keys: Pre-provision ~/.ssh/known_hosts and keep StrictHostKeyChecking=yes in lib.sh for hardened setups.
• Network: Use Tailscale or a VPN for remote backups. Never expose SMB (port 445) to the public internet.
• Sensitive data: .env excluded by default — only include if NAS access is tightly restricted.
• NAS user: Dedicated user with access to only the backup share — not an admin account.
• Input validation: All config values validated before use — no shell injection via host, share, mount, or path fields.
• Path allowlist: Restore uses an explicit allowlist (workspace, cron, agents, openclaw.json, .env) — no arbitrary path writes.

System Access

Files read: ~/.openclaw/synology-backup.json, ~/.openclaw/.smb-credentials Files written: Synology NAS share (via SMB mount or SSH/rsync), manifest.json in each snapshot Network: SMB (port 445) or SSH (port 22) to Synology NAS IP only Commands used: mount, rsync, cp, find, du, df, md5sum, jq (required) Secrets stored: None — SMB credentials live in a separate chmod 600 file