HealthKit

What to open

• Use Articles/healtkit.md for complete HealthKit documentation (188 pages consolidated).
• Search within the file by section URLs or keywords like HKHealthStore, HKQuantitySample, HKWorkout, HKObserverQuery.

Document structure

The documentation file is organized by Apple documentation URLs as section headers. Key sections:

Setup checklist

1. Add HealthKit capability in Xcode (enable Clinical Health Records only if needed).
2. Add NSHealthShareUsageDescription and NSHealthUpdateUsageDescription to Info.plist.
3. Check HKHealthStore.isHealthDataAvailable() before any HealthKit calls.
4. Create a single HKHealthStore instance and retain it for the app's lifetime.
5. Request authorization with requestAuthorization(toShare:read:) before reading or writing.

Common workflows

Reading data

1. Create the appropriate HKSampleType or HKQuantityType.
2. Build a query descriptor (e.g., HKSampleQueryDescriptor, HKStatisticsQueryDescriptor).
3. Execute the query against HKHealthStore.
4. Handle results on a background queue; dispatch to main for UI updates.

Saving data

1. Create an HKQuantitySample, HKCategorySample, or HKCorrelation.
2. Use matching units for the data type (e.g., .count() for steps, .meter() for distance).
3. Call healthStore.save(_:withCompletion:).
4. Check authorizationStatus(for:) before saving to catch permission issues early.

Background delivery

1. Enable Background Modes in Xcode (Background fetch).
2. Call enableBackgroundDelivery(for:frequency:withCompletion:) for each data type.
3. Register an HKObserverQuery with an update handler.
4. When woken, call healthStore.execute(_:) to re-run the query.

Workouts

1. Create an HKWorkoutConfiguration with activity type and location.
2. Start a workout session on Apple Watch with HKWorkoutSession.
3. Use HKLiveWorkoutBuilder to collect real-time samples.
4. End the session and save the workout with endCollection(withEnd:completion:).

Key types

Privacy and authorization

• HealthKit uses fine-grained authorization per data type.
• Apps cannot detect if read permission was denied; queries simply return no data.
• Use authorizationStatus(for:) to check write permission before saving.
• Guest User sessions on visionOS restrict mutations; handle errorNotPermissibleForGuestUserMode.
• Never use HealthKit data for advertising or sell it to third parties.

Platform availability

• iPhone/Apple Watch/visionOS: Full HealthKit store with sync.
• iPadOS 17+: Has its own HealthKit store.
• iPadOS 16 and earlier / macOS 13+: Framework available but isHealthDataAvailable() returns false.
• Use earliestPermittedSampleDate() on Apple Watch to find oldest available data.

Error handling

Check for these common HKError.Code values:

• errorHealthDataUnavailable – Device doesn't support HealthKit.
• errorHealthDataRestricted – Enterprise or parental restrictions.
• errorAuthorizationNotDetermined – Authorization not yet requested.
• errorAuthorizationDenied – User denied write permission.
• errorNotPermissibleForGuestUserMode – Vision Pro guest session restriction.
• errorRequiredAuthorizationDenied – Required clinical record types denied.

SwiftUI integration

Use the HealthKitUI framework for SwiftUI authorization:

import HealthKitUI

.healthDataAccessRequest(
    store: healthStore,
    shareTypes: allTypes,
    readTypes: allTypes,
    trigger: trigger
) { result in
    // Handle authorization result
}

Reminders

• HealthKit store is thread-safe; samples are immutable.
• Avoid samples longer than 24 hours; many types have duration limits.
• Correlations store contained samples internally—don't save them separately.
• Use HKDeletedObject via anchored queries to detect deletions.
• For workout heart rate zones, use HKWorkoutActivity and route samples.