Git Workflow Designer Skill
Overview
This skill helps you design and implement effective Git branching strategies for teams of any size. Covers Git Flow, GitHub Flow, trunk-based development, release management, and branch protection policies.
Workflow Selection Philosophy
Key Factors
-
Team size: Solo vs. small team vs. large organization
-
Release frequency: Continuous vs. scheduled releases
-
Environment complexity: Single vs. multiple deployment targets
-
Risk tolerance: Move fast vs. stability first
Workflow Comparison
Workflow Best For Release Frequency Complexity
Trunk-Based Small teams, CI/CD Continuous Low
GitHub Flow Most web apps On-demand Low
Git Flow Versioned software Scheduled High
GitLab Flow Environment-based Mixed Medium
GitHub Flow (Recommended for Most)
Overview
Simple, effective workflow for continuous deployment.
main ─────●─────●─────●─────●─────●─────● \ / \ / feature/x ●─────● ●─────●
Process
Branch from main
git checkout main git pull origin main git checkout -b feature/user-authentication
Commit regularly
git add . git commit -m "feat: add login form component"
Push and create PR
git push -u origin feature/user-authentication gh pr create --title "Add user authentication" --body "..."
Review and merge
-
CI runs tests
-
Peer review
-
Squash merge to main
Deploy
- Automatic deploy on merge to main
Branch Naming Convention
feature/ - New features fix/ - Bug fixes docs/ - Documentation refactor/ - Code refactoring test/ - Test additions chore/ - Maintenance tasks
Configuration
.github/branch-protection.yml (pseudo-config)
main: required_status_checks: strict: true contexts: - "ci/tests" - "ci/lint" - "ci/build" required_pull_request_reviews: required_approving_review_count: 1 dismiss_stale_reviews: true enforce_admins: false restrictions: null
Git Flow (For Versioned Releases)
Overview
Structured workflow for scheduled release cycles.
main ─────●─────────────────●─────────────●
\ /
release ●─────●─────●─ ●───
\ \ / /
develop ●─────●─●─────●─●─────●─────●─────●─●
\ / \ / \ /
feature ●─● ●─────● ●─────●
Branches
Branch Purpose Merges To
main
Production-ready code
develop
Integration branch main
feature/*
New features develop
release/*
Release preparation main , develop
hotfix/*
Emergency fixes main , develop
Feature Development
Start feature
git checkout develop git pull origin develop git checkout -b feature/new-dashboard
Work on feature
git commit -m "feat: add dashboard layout" git commit -m "feat: add dashboard charts"
Complete feature
git checkout develop git merge --no-ff feature/new-dashboard git branch -d feature/new-dashboard git push origin develop
Release Process
Start release
git checkout develop git checkout -b release/1.2.0
Bump version
npm version 1.2.0 --no-git-tag-version git commit -am "chore: bump version to 1.2.0"
Fix release issues
git commit -m "fix: correct typo in release notes"
Complete release
git checkout main git merge --no-ff release/1.2.0 git tag -a v1.2.0 -m "Release 1.2.0" git push origin main --tags
git checkout develop git merge --no-ff release/1.2.0 git push origin develop
git branch -d release/1.2.0
Hotfix Process
Start hotfix
git checkout main git checkout -b hotfix/1.2.1
Fix the issue
git commit -m "fix: critical security vulnerability"
Complete hotfix
git checkout main git merge --no-ff hotfix/1.2.1 git tag -a v1.2.1 -m "Hotfix 1.2.1" git push origin main --tags
git checkout develop git merge --no-ff hotfix/1.2.1 git push origin develop
git branch -d hotfix/1.2.1
Trunk-Based Development
Overview
Everyone commits to main with short-lived branches.
main ─●─●─●─●─●─●─●─●─●─●─●─●─●─●─●─● \─/ \─/ \─/ PR PR PR
Principles
-
Short-lived branches (< 1 day)
-
Small, frequent commits
-
Feature flags for incomplete work
-
Comprehensive CI/CD
Feature Flags Integration
// src/lib/features.ts export const features = { newCheckout: process.env.FEATURE_NEW_CHECKOUT === 'true', darkMode: process.env.FEATURE_DARK_MODE === 'true', };
// Usage if (features.newCheckout) { return <NewCheckout />; } return <OldCheckout />;
Branch Rules
Quick feature (< 4 hours)
git checkout main git pull git checkout -b quick/fix-typo
... work ...
git push -u origin quick/fix-typo gh pr create --title "Fix typo" --body ""
Merge immediately after CI passes
Release Management
Semantic Versioning
MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH
1.0.0 - Initial release 1.1.0 - New feature (backwards compatible) 1.1.1 - Bug fix 2.0.0 - Breaking change
Automated Version Bumping
// package.json { "scripts": { "release:patch": "npm version patch && git push --follow-tags", "release:minor": "npm version minor && git push --follow-tags", "release:major": "npm version major && git push --follow-tags" } }
Changelog Generation
.github/workflows/release.yml
name: Release
on: push: tags: - 'v*'
jobs: release: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 with: fetch-depth: 0
- name: Generate changelog
id: changelog
uses: metcalfc/changelog-generator@v4
with:
myToken: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
- name: Create Release
uses: actions/create-release@v1
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
with:
tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
release_name: Release ${{ github.ref }}
body: ${{ steps.changelog.outputs.changelog }}
Conventional Commits
Format
<type>(<scope>): <description>
[optional body]
[optional footer(s)]
Types
feat: New feature fix: Bug fix docs: Documentation style: Formatting, no code change refactor: Refactoring test: Tests chore: Maintenance
Examples
feat(auth): add password reset flow fix(api): handle null user gracefully docs: update README with new API endpoints chore(deps): update dependencies
Commitlint Configuration
// commitlint.config.js module.exports = { extends: ['@commitlint/config-conventional'], rules: { 'type-enum': [ 2, 'always', [ 'feat', 'fix', 'docs', 'style', 'refactor', 'test', 'chore', 'perf', 'ci', 'build', 'revert', ], ], 'subject-case': [2, 'always', 'lower-case'], 'header-max-length': [2, 'always', 72], }, };
Branch Protection
GitHub Branch Protection Rules
Recommended settings for main branch
Required status checks:
- ci/test
- ci/lint
- ci/build
- ci/typecheck
Required reviews: 1 Dismiss stale reviews: true Require review from code owners: true
Require signed commits: false # Optional Require linear history: true # Encourages squash/rebase
Include administrators: false # Allow admins to bypass
Restrict who can push:
- Maintainers only
CODEOWNERS
.github/CODEOWNERS
Default owners
- @team-lead
Frontend
/src/components/ @frontend-team /src/app/ @frontend-team
Backend
/src/api/ @backend-team /src/lib/db/ @backend-team
Infrastructure
/.github/ @devops-team /docker/ @devops-team
Docs
/docs/ @tech-writer *.md @tech-writer
Merge Strategies
Squash and Merge (Recommended)
Clean history, one commit per feature
git merge --squash feature/branch git commit -m "feat: complete feature description"
Pros:
-
Clean main history
-
Easy to revert features
-
Commit message can be edited
Cons:
- Loses individual commit history
Rebase and Merge
Linear history, preserves commits
git rebase main feature/branch git checkout main git merge feature/branch
Pros:
-
Linear history
-
Preserves individual commits
-
Bisect-friendly
Cons:
-
Requires clean commits
-
Force push may be needed
Merge Commit
Preserves full history with merge points
git merge --no-ff feature/branch
Pros:
-
Complete history preserved
-
Clear merge points
-
No force push needed
Cons:
-
Noisy history
-
Harder to navigate
Common Scenarios
Sync Feature Branch with Main
Option 1: Rebase (clean history)
git checkout feature/my-feature git fetch origin git rebase origin/main git push --force-with-lease
Option 2: Merge (safe, but noisy)
git checkout feature/my-feature git merge origin/main git push
Undo Last Commit (Not Pushed)
Keep changes staged
git reset --soft HEAD~1
Keep changes unstaged
git reset HEAD~1
Discard changes
git reset --hard HEAD~1
Fix Commit Message
Last commit only
git commit --amend -m "new message"
Older commits (interactive rebase)
git rebase -i HEAD~3
Change 'pick' to 'reword' for target commit
Cherry-Pick Specific Commit
Apply specific commit to current branch
git cherry-pick abc123
Cherry-pick without committing
git cherry-pick --no-commit abc123
Recover Deleted Branch
Find the commit
git reflog
Recreate branch
git checkout -b recovered-branch abc123
Workflow Scripts
Git Aliases
~/.gitconfig
[alias] # Status s = status -sb
# Branching
co = checkout
cob = checkout -b
br = branch -vv
# Commits
cm = commit -m
ca = commit --amend --no-edit
# Logging
lg = log --oneline --graph --decorate -20
lga = log --oneline --graph --decorate --all -20
# Sync
sync = !git fetch origin && git rebase origin/main
# Cleanup
cleanup = !git branch --merged | grep -v main | xargs git branch -d
# Undo
undo = reset --soft HEAD~1
Feature Branch Script
#!/bin/bash
scripts/feature.sh
set -e
BRANCH_TYPE=${1:-feature} BRANCH_NAME=$2
if [ -z "$BRANCH_NAME" ]; then echo "Usage: ./scripts/feature.sh [type] <name>" echo "Types: feature, fix, docs, chore" exit 1 fi
FULL_BRANCH="$BRANCH_TYPE/$BRANCH_NAME"
echo "Creating branch: $FULL_BRANCH"
git checkout main git pull origin main git checkout -b "$FULL_BRANCH"
echo "Branch '$FULL_BRANCH' created and checked out" echo "Run: git push -u origin $FULL_BRANCH"
Workflow Checklist
Before Selecting Workflow
-
Understand team size and distribution
-
Define release frequency
-
Assess CI/CD maturity
-
Consider deployment environments
Implementation
-
Document workflow in CONTRIBUTING.md
-
Configure branch protection rules
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Set up CODEOWNERS
-
Configure merge strategy
-
Add commit message linting
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Create Git aliases/scripts
Maintenance
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Regular branch cleanup
-
Monitor merge queue
-
Review and update protection rules
-
Train new team members
When to Use This Skill
Invoke this skill when:
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Starting a new project and choosing a workflow
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Scaling from solo to team development
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Improving release management
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Setting up branch protection rules
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Creating contribution guidelines
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Resolving Git workflow conflicts
-
Implementing conventional commits