system-design-expert

Architecture Patterns

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Install skill "system-design-expert" with this command: npx skills add duck4nh/antigravity-kit/duck4nh-antigravity-kit-system-design-expert

System Design Expert

Architecture Patterns

Pattern Use When Trade-offs

Monolith Small team, MVP, simple domain Easy to deploy, hard to scale

Microservices Large team, complex domain, scale Flexible, complex ops

Serverless Event-driven, variable load Pay per use, cold starts

Scalability Checklist

Horizontal Scaling

  • Stateless application (no local sessions)

  • Load balancer configured

  • Database connection pooling

  • Shared cache (Redis)

  • CDN for static assets

Database Scaling

  • Read replicas for read-heavy

  • Sharding for write-heavy

  • Caching layer (Redis)

  • Indexing optimized

Common Patterns

┌─────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │ Client │────▶│ Load Balancer│────▶│ App Server │ └─────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────┬──────┘ │ ┌────────────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ ┌────▼────┐ ┌─────▼─────┐ ┌──────▼──────┐ │ Cache │ │ Database │ │ File Storage│ │ (Redis) │ │(PostgreSQL)│ │ (S3) │ └─────────┘ └───────────┘ └─────────────┘

Estimation Guidelines

Users Architecture Database Cache

< 1K Monolith Single DB Optional

1K-10K Monolith + Cache DB + Read replica Redis

10K-100K Microservices Sharded DB Redis Cluster

100K Distributed Multiple DBs Distributed Cache

API Design

RESTful conventions

GET /users # List GET /users/:id # Get one POST /users # Create PUT /users/:id # Update (full) PATCH /users/:id # Update (partial) DELETE /users/:id # Delete

Pagination

GET /users?page=1&limit=20

Filtering

GET /users?status=active&role=admin

Response format

{ "data": [...], "meta": { "total": 100, "page": 1 } }

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