BIM Consistency Checker for Construction
Overview
Validate BIM model consistency including naming conventions, parameter completeness, spatial relationships, classification compliance, and cross-reference integrity.
Business Case
BIM consistency checking ensures:
-
Data Quality: Complete and accurate model data
-
Interoperability: Models work across platforms
-
Coordination: Consistent information for all trades
-
Deliverable Compliance: Meet BIM execution plan requirements
Technical Implementation
from dataclasses import dataclass, field from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional, Set from enum import Enum import re
class CheckSeverity(Enum): ERROR = "error" WARNING = "warning" INFO = "info"
class CheckCategory(Enum): NAMING = "naming" PARAMETERS = "parameters" SPATIAL = "spatial" CLASSIFICATION = "classification" GEOMETRY = "geometry" RELATIONSHIPS = "relationships"
@dataclass class ConsistencyIssue: element_id: str element_name: str category: CheckCategory severity: CheckSeverity rule: str message: str suggestion: str = ""
@dataclass class ConsistencyReport: model_name: str total_elements: int elements_checked: int issues: List[ConsistencyIssue] issues_by_category: Dict[str, int] issues_by_severity: Dict[str, int] pass_rate: float
@dataclass class NamingConvention: element_type: str pattern: str description: str examples: List[str]
class BIMConsistencyChecker: """Check BIM model consistency and data quality."""
# Default naming conventions
DEFAULT_NAMING_RULES = [
NamingConvention(
element_type='Level',
pattern=r'^(L|Level)\s*\d{1,2}$|^(B|Basement)\s*\d?$|^(R|Roof)$',
description='Levels should follow L01, Level 1, B1, Roof pattern',
examples=['L01', 'Level 1', 'B1', 'Roof']
),
NamingConvention(
element_type='Grid',
pattern=r'^[A-Z]$|^\d{1,2}$|^[A-Z]\.\d$',
description='Grids should be single letters (A-Z) or numbers',
examples=['A', '1', 'A.1']
),
NamingConvention(
element_type='Room',
pattern=r'^\d{3,4}[A-Z]?\s*-?\s*.+',
description='Rooms should have number and name (101 - Office)',
examples=['101 - Office', '201A Conference']
),
NamingConvention(
element_type='Wall',
pattern=r'^(INT|EXT|CW|CMU|GYP)[-_].+',
description='Walls should have type prefix',
examples=['INT-GYP-1HR', 'EXT-CMU-8IN']
),
NamingConvention(
element_type='Door',
pattern=r'^[A-Z]?\d{2,3}[A-Z]?$',
description='Doors should follow type numbering',
examples=['101', 'A101', '101A']
),
]
# Required parameters by element type
REQUIRED_PARAMETERS = {
'Wall': ['Fire Rating', 'Function', 'Structural'],
'Door': ['Fire Rating', 'Width', 'Height', 'Frame Material'],
'Room': ['Name', 'Number', 'Area', 'Department'],
'Window': ['Width', 'Height', 'Glass Type'],
'Floor': ['Structural', 'Fire Rating'],
'Ceiling': ['Height', 'Type'],
'Column': ['Structural Material', 'Shape'],
'Beam': ['Structural Material', 'Size'],
}
def __init__(self):
self.naming_rules: List[NamingConvention] = list(self.DEFAULT_NAMING_RULES)
self.required_params: Dict[str, List[str]] = dict(self.REQUIRED_PARAMETERS)
self.issues: List[ConsistencyIssue] = []
def add_naming_rule(self, rule: NamingConvention):
"""Add custom naming convention rule."""
self.naming_rules.append(rule)
def set_required_parameters(self, element_type: str, parameters: List[str]):
"""Set required parameters for an element type."""
self.required_params[element_type] = parameters
def check_model(self, elements: List[Dict]) -> ConsistencyReport:
"""Run all consistency checks on model elements."""
self.issues = []
for element in elements:
self._check_naming(element)
self._check_parameters(element)
self._check_spatial(element)
self._check_classification(element)
self._check_geometry(element)
# Cross-element checks
self._check_relationships(elements)
self._check_duplicates(elements)
# Calculate statistics
issues_by_category = {}
issues_by_severity = {}
for issue in self.issues:
cat = issue.category.value
sev = issue.severity.value
issues_by_category[cat] = issues_by_category.get(cat, 0) + 1
issues_by_severity[sev] = issues_by_severity.get(sev, 0) + 1
elements_with_issues = len(set(i.element_id for i in self.issues))
pass_rate = (len(elements) - elements_with_issues) / len(elements) * 100 if elements else 100
return ConsistencyReport(
model_name='Model',
total_elements=len(elements),
elements_checked=len(elements),
issues=self.issues,
issues_by_category=issues_by_category,
issues_by_severity=issues_by_severity,
pass_rate=pass_rate
)
def _check_naming(self, element: Dict):
"""Check element naming conventions."""
element_type = element.get('type', '')
name = element.get('name', '')
element_id = element.get('id', '')
if not name:
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name='(no name)',
category=CheckCategory.NAMING,
severity=CheckSeverity.ERROR,
rule='Name Required',
message='Element has no name',
suggestion='Assign a descriptive name following conventions'
))
return
# Check against naming rules
for rule in self.naming_rules:
if rule.element_type.lower() in element_type.lower():
if not re.match(rule.pattern, name, re.IGNORECASE):
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name=name,
category=CheckCategory.NAMING,
severity=CheckSeverity.WARNING,
rule=f'{rule.element_type} Naming',
message=f'Name "{name}" does not follow convention',
suggestion=f'{rule.description}. Examples: {", ".join(rule.examples)}'
))
# Check for special characters
if re.search(r'[<>:"/\\|?*]', name):
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name=name,
category=CheckCategory.NAMING,
severity=CheckSeverity.ERROR,
rule='Invalid Characters',
message='Name contains invalid characters',
suggestion='Remove special characters: < > : " / \\ | ? *'
))
def _check_parameters(self, element: Dict):
"""Check parameter completeness."""
element_type = element.get('type', '')
element_id = element.get('id', '')
name = element.get('name', '')
params = element.get('parameters', {})
# Check required parameters
required = self.required_params.get(element_type, [])
for param in required:
if param not in params or params[param] in [None, '', 'None']:
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name=name,
category=CheckCategory.PARAMETERS,
severity=CheckSeverity.WARNING,
rule='Required Parameter',
message=f'Missing required parameter: {param}',
suggestion=f'Set value for {param}'
))
# Check for default/placeholder values
placeholder_values = ['TBD', 'XXX', 'TODO', 'CHANGE', '<default>']
for param, value in params.items():
if str(value).upper() in placeholder_values:
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name=name,
category=CheckCategory.PARAMETERS,
severity=CheckSeverity.WARNING,
rule='Placeholder Value',
message=f'Parameter "{param}" has placeholder value: {value}',
suggestion='Replace with actual value'
))
def _check_spatial(self, element: Dict):
"""Check spatial consistency."""
element_id = element.get('id', '')
name = element.get('name', '')
element_type = element.get('type', '')
# Check level assignment
level = element.get('level')
requires_level = element_type in ['Wall', 'Door', 'Window', 'Room', 'Floor', 'Ceiling']
if requires_level and not level:
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name=name,
category=CheckCategory.SPATIAL,
severity=CheckSeverity.ERROR,
rule='Level Assignment',
message='Element not assigned to a level',
suggestion='Assign element to appropriate level'
))
# Check room bounding
if element_type == 'Wall':
room_bounding = element.get('room_bounding', True)
if not room_bounding:
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name=name,
category=CheckCategory.SPATIAL,
severity=CheckSeverity.INFO,
rule='Room Bounding',
message='Wall is not room bounding',
suggestion='Verify this is intentional'
))
def _check_classification(self, element: Dict):
"""Check classification codes."""
element_id = element.get('id', '')
name = element.get('name', '')
params = element.get('parameters', {})
# Check for classification
classification = params.get('Classification') or params.get('OmniClass') or params.get('UniFormat')
if not classification:
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name=name,
category=CheckCategory.CLASSIFICATION,
severity=CheckSeverity.INFO,
rule='Classification Required',
message='Element has no classification code',
suggestion='Assign OmniClass, UniFormat, or other classification'
))
else:
# Validate format
if not re.match(r'^\d{2}[-\s]?\d{2}[-\s]?\d{2}', str(classification)):
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name=name,
category=CheckCategory.CLASSIFICATION,
severity=CheckSeverity.WARNING,
rule='Classification Format',
message=f'Invalid classification format: {classification}',
suggestion='Use standard format (XX XX XX)'
))
def _check_geometry(self, element: Dict):
"""Check geometry validity."""
element_id = element.get('id', '')
name = element.get('name', '')
geometry = element.get('geometry', {})
# Check for zero area/volume
area = geometry.get('area', 0)
volume = geometry.get('volume', 0)
if area == 0 and volume == 0 and element.get('type') not in ['Grid', 'Level', 'ReferencePlane']:
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name=name,
category=CheckCategory.GEOMETRY,
severity=CheckSeverity.ERROR,
rule='Zero Geometry',
message='Element has zero area and volume',
suggestion='Check element geometry is valid'
))
# Check for extremely small elements
if 0 < area < 0.01: # Less than 0.01 m² or ft²
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element_id,
element_name=name,
category=CheckCategory.GEOMETRY,
severity=CheckSeverity.WARNING,
rule='Tiny Element',
message=f'Element has very small area: {area}',
suggestion='Verify element is intentional and not a modeling error'
))
def _check_relationships(self, elements: List[Dict]):
"""Check cross-element relationships."""
# Build lookup
elements_by_id = {e['id']: e for e in elements}
elements_by_type = {}
for e in elements:
t = e.get('type', '')
if t not in elements_by_type:
elements_by_type[t] = []
elements_by_type[t].append(e)
# Check door-wall relationships
for door in elements_by_type.get('Door', []):
host_wall = door.get('host_id')
if host_wall and host_wall not in elements_by_id:
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=door['id'],
element_name=door.get('name', ''),
category=CheckCategory.RELATIONSHIPS,
severity=CheckSeverity.ERROR,
rule='Invalid Host',
message=f'Door references non-existent wall: {host_wall}',
suggestion='Rehost door to valid wall'
))
# Check room enclosure
for room in elements_by_type.get('Room', []):
if not room.get('is_bounded', True):
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=room['id'],
element_name=room.get('name', ''),
category=CheckCategory.RELATIONSHIPS,
severity=CheckSeverity.ERROR,
rule='Unbounded Room',
message='Room is not properly bounded',
suggestion='Check room boundary walls'
))
def _check_duplicates(self, elements: List[Dict]):
"""Check for duplicate elements."""
seen: Dict[str, List[Dict]] = {}
for element in elements:
# Create signature for duplicate detection
sig_parts = [
element.get('type', ''),
str(element.get('geometry', {}).get('location', '')),
element.get('name', '')
]
signature = '|'.join(sig_parts)
if signature in seen:
for dup in seen[signature]:
self.issues.append(ConsistencyIssue(
element_id=element['id'],
element_name=element.get('name', ''),
category=CheckCategory.RELATIONSHIPS,
severity=CheckSeverity.WARNING,
rule='Duplicate Element',
message=f'Possible duplicate of element {dup["id"]}',
suggestion='Review and remove duplicate if confirmed'
))
if signature not in seen:
seen[signature] = []
seen[signature].append(element)
def generate_report(self, report: ConsistencyReport) -> str:
"""Generate consistency check report."""
lines = ["# BIM Consistency Check Report", ""]
lines.append(f"**Model:** {report.model_name}")
lines.append(f"**Elements Checked:** {report.elements_checked}")
lines.append(f"**Pass Rate:** {report.pass_rate:.1f}%")
lines.append("")
# Summary
lines.append("## Summary")
lines.append(f"- **Total Issues:** {len(report.issues)}")
lines.append(f"- Errors: {report.issues_by_severity.get('error', 0)}")
lines.append(f"- Warnings: {report.issues_by_severity.get('warning', 0)}")
lines.append(f"- Info: {report.issues_by_severity.get('info', 0)}")
lines.append("")
# By category
lines.append("## Issues by Category")
for cat, count in sorted(report.issues_by_category.items()):
lines.append(f"- {cat}: {count}")
lines.append("")
# Critical issues
errors = [i for i in report.issues if i.severity == CheckSeverity.ERROR]
if errors:
lines.append("## Critical Issues (Errors)")
for issue in errors[:20]:
lines.append(f"\n### {issue.element_name} ({issue.element_id})")
lines.append(f"- **Rule:** {issue.rule}")
lines.append(f"- **Issue:** {issue.message}")
lines.append(f"- **Fix:** {issue.suggestion}")
return "\n".join(lines)
Quick Start
Initialize checker
checker = BIMConsistencyChecker()
Sample model elements
elements = [ { 'id': 'wall-001', 'type': 'Wall', 'name': 'INT-GYP-1HR', 'level': 'Level 1', 'parameters': {'Fire Rating': '1 Hour', 'Function': 'Interior'}, 'geometry': {'area': 50.5} }, { 'id': 'door-001', 'type': 'Door', 'name': '101', 'level': 'Level 1', 'host_id': 'wall-001', 'parameters': {'Width': 36, 'Height': 84} } ]
Run checks
report = checker.check_model(elements)
print(f"Pass Rate: {report.pass_rate:.1f}%") print(f"Issues Found: {len(report.issues)}")
Generate report
print(checker.generate_report(report))
Dependencies
pip install (no external dependencies)