Data Lineage Tracker for Construction
Overview
Track the origin, transformations, and flow of construction data through systems. Provides audit trails for compliance, helps debug data issues, and ensures data governance.
Business Case
Construction projects require data accountability:
- Audit Compliance: Know where every number came from
- Issue Resolution: Trace data problems to their source
- Change Impact: Understand what downstream systems are affected
- Regulatory Requirements: Maintain data provenance for legal/insurance
Technical Implementation
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional, Set
from datetime import datetime
from enum import Enum
import json
import hashlib
import uuid
class TransformationType(Enum):
EXTRACT = "extract"
TRANSFORM = "transform"
LOAD = "load"
AGGREGATE = "aggregate"
JOIN = "join"
FILTER = "filter"
CALCULATE = "calculate"
MANUAL_EDIT = "manual_edit"
IMPORT = "import"
EXPORT = "export"
@dataclass
class DataSource:
id: str
name: str
system: str
location: str
owner: str
created_at: datetime
@dataclass
class TransformationStep:
id: str
transformation_type: TransformationType
description: str
input_entities: List[str]
output_entities: List[str]
logic: str # SQL, Python, or description
performed_by: str # user or system
performed_at: datetime
parameters: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
@dataclass
class DataEntity:
id: str
name: str
source_id: str
entity_type: str # table, file, field, record
created_at: datetime
version: int = 1
checksum: Optional[str] = None
parent_entities: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
metadata: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
@dataclass
class LineageRecord:
id: str
entity_id: str
transformation_id: str
upstream_entities: List[str]
downstream_entities: List[str]
recorded_at: datetime
class ConstructionDataLineageTracker:
"""Track data lineage for construction data flows."""
def __init__(self, project_id: str):
self.project_id = project_id
self.sources: Dict[str, DataSource] = {}
self.entities: Dict[str, DataEntity] = {}
self.transformations: Dict[str, TransformationStep] = {}
self.lineage_records: List[LineageRecord] = []
def register_source(self, name: str, system: str, location: str, owner: str) -> DataSource:
"""Register a new data source."""
source = DataSource(
id=f"SRC-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}",
name=name,
system=system,
location=location,
owner=owner,
created_at=datetime.now()
)
self.sources[source.id] = source
return source
def register_entity(self, name: str, source_id: str, entity_type: str,
parent_entities: List[str] = None,
metadata: Dict = None) -> DataEntity:
"""Register a data entity (table, file, field)."""
entity = DataEntity(
id=f"ENT-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}",
name=name,
source_id=source_id,
entity_type=entity_type,
created_at=datetime.now(),
parent_entities=parent_entities or [],
metadata=metadata or {}
)
self.entities[entity.id] = entity
return entity
def calculate_checksum(self, data: Any) -> str:
"""Calculate checksum for data verification."""
if isinstance(data, str):
content = data
else:
content = json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True, default=str)
return hashlib.sha256(content.encode()).hexdigest()[:16]
def record_transformation(self,
transformation_type: TransformationType,
description: str,
input_entities: List[str],
output_entities: List[str],
logic: str,
performed_by: str,
parameters: Dict = None) -> TransformationStep:
"""Record a data transformation."""
transformation = TransformationStep(
id=f"TRF-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}",
transformation_type=transformation_type,
description=description,
input_entities=input_entities,
output_entities=output_entities,
logic=logic,
performed_by=performed_by,
performed_at=datetime.now(),
parameters=parameters or {}
)
self.transformations[transformation.id] = transformation
# Create lineage records
for output_id in output_entities:
record = LineageRecord(
id=f"LIN-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}",
entity_id=output_id,
transformation_id=transformation.id,
upstream_entities=input_entities,
downstream_entities=[],
recorded_at=datetime.now()
)
self.lineage_records.append(record)
# Update downstream references for input entities
for input_id in input_entities:
for existing_record in self.lineage_records:
if existing_record.entity_id == input_id:
existing_record.downstream_entities.append(output_id)
return transformation
def trace_upstream(self, entity_id: str, depth: int = None) -> List[Dict]:
"""Trace all upstream sources of an entity."""
visited = set()
lineage = []
def trace(eid: str, current_depth: int):
if eid in visited:
return
if depth is not None and current_depth > depth:
return
visited.add(eid)
entity = self.entities.get(eid)
if not entity:
return
# Find transformations that produced this entity
for record in self.lineage_records:
if record.entity_id == eid:
transformation = self.transformations.get(record.transformation_id)
if transformation:
lineage.append({
'entity': entity.name,
'entity_id': eid,
'depth': current_depth,
'transformation': transformation.description,
'transformation_type': transformation.transformation_type.value,
'performed_at': transformation.performed_at.isoformat(),
'performed_by': transformation.performed_by,
'upstream': record.upstream_entities
})
for upstream_id in record.upstream_entities:
trace(upstream_id, current_depth + 1)
trace(entity_id, 0)
return sorted(lineage, key=lambda x: x['depth'])
def trace_downstream(self, entity_id: str, depth: int = None) -> List[Dict]:
"""Trace all downstream dependencies of an entity."""
visited = set()
dependencies = []
def trace(eid: str, current_depth: int):
if eid in visited:
return
if depth is not None and current_depth > depth:
return
visited.add(eid)
entity = self.entities.get(eid)
if not entity:
return
# Find entities that use this entity
for record in self.lineage_records:
if eid in record.upstream_entities:
transformation = self.transformations.get(record.transformation_id)
if transformation:
dependencies.append({
'entity': self.entities[record.entity_id].name if record.entity_id in self.entities else record.entity_id,
'entity_id': record.entity_id,
'depth': current_depth,
'transformation': transformation.description,
'transformation_type': transformation.transformation_type.value
})
trace(record.entity_id, current_depth + 1)
trace(entity_id, 0)
return sorted(dependencies, key=lambda x: x['depth'])
def get_entity_history(self, entity_id: str) -> List[Dict]:
"""Get complete history of changes to an entity."""
history = []
for record in self.lineage_records:
if record.entity_id == entity_id:
transformation = self.transformations.get(record.transformation_id)
if transformation:
history.append({
'timestamp': transformation.performed_at.isoformat(),
'action': transformation.transformation_type.value,
'description': transformation.description,
'performed_by': transformation.performed_by,
'inputs': [
self.entities[eid].name if eid in self.entities else eid
for eid in record.upstream_entities
]
})
return sorted(history, key=lambda x: x['timestamp'])
def impact_analysis(self, entity_id: str) -> Dict:
"""Analyze impact of changes to an entity."""
downstream = self.trace_downstream(entity_id)
impact = {
'entity': self.entities[entity_id].name if entity_id in self.entities else entity_id,
'total_affected': len(downstream),
'affected_by_depth': {},
'affected_entities': downstream
}
for dep in downstream:
depth = dep['depth']
impact['affected_by_depth'][depth] = impact['affected_by_depth'].get(depth, 0) + 1
return impact
def validate_lineage(self) -> List[str]:
"""Validate lineage for completeness and consistency."""
issues = []
# Check for orphan entities (no source or transformation)
for eid, entity in self.entities.items():
has_lineage = any(r.entity_id == eid for r in self.lineage_records)
if not has_lineage and entity.entity_type != 'source':
issues.append(f"Entity '{entity.name}' has no lineage record")
# Check for broken references
all_entity_ids = set(self.entities.keys())
for record in self.lineage_records:
for upstream_id in record.upstream_entities:
if upstream_id not in all_entity_ids:
issues.append(f"Lineage references unknown entity: {upstream_id}")
# Check for circular dependencies
for eid in self.entities:
upstream = set()
to_check = [eid]
while to_check:
current = to_check.pop()
if current in upstream:
issues.append(f"Circular dependency detected involving entity: {self.entities[eid].name}")
break
upstream.add(current)
for record in self.lineage_records:
if record.entity_id == current:
to_check.extend(record.upstream_entities)
return issues
def generate_lineage_graph(self, entity_id: str) -> str:
"""Generate Mermaid diagram of lineage."""
lines = ["```mermaid", "graph LR"]
upstream = self.trace_upstream(entity_id, depth=5)
downstream = self.trace_downstream(entity_id, depth=5)
# Add nodes
added_nodes = set()
for item in upstream + downstream:
node_id = item['entity_id'].replace('-', '_')
if node_id not in added_nodes:
entity = self.entities.get(item['entity_id'])
name = entity.name if entity else item['entity_id']
lines.append(f" {node_id}[{name}]")
added_nodes.add(node_id)
# Add target node
target_node = entity_id.replace('-', '_')
if target_node not in added_nodes:
entity = self.entities.get(entity_id)
name = entity.name if entity else entity_id
lines.append(f" {target_node}[{name}]:::target")
# Add edges
for item in upstream:
for upstream_id in item.get('upstream', []):
from_node = upstream_id.replace('-', '_')
to_node = item['entity_id'].replace('-', '_')
lines.append(f" {from_node} --> {to_node}")
for item in downstream:
from_node = entity_id.replace('-', '_')
to_node = item['entity_id'].replace('-', '_')
if to_node != from_node:
lines.append(f" {from_node} --> {to_node}")
lines.append(" classDef target fill:#f96")
lines.append("```")
return "\n".join(lines)
def export_lineage(self) -> Dict:
"""Export complete lineage data."""
return {
'project_id': self.project_id,
'exported_at': datetime.now().isoformat(),
'sources': {k: {
'id': v.id,
'name': v.name,
'system': v.system,
'location': v.location,
'owner': v.owner
} for k, v in self.sources.items()},
'entities': {k: {
'id': v.id,
'name': v.name,
'source_id': v.source_id,
'entity_type': v.entity_type,
'parent_entities': v.parent_entities
} for k, v in self.entities.items()},
'transformations': {k: {
'id': v.id,
'type': v.transformation_type.value,
'description': v.description,
'input_entities': v.input_entities,
'output_entities': v.output_entities,
'performed_by': v.performed_by,
'performed_at': v.performed_at.isoformat()
} for k, v in self.transformations.items()},
'lineage_records': [{
'id': r.id,
'entity_id': r.entity_id,
'transformation_id': r.transformation_id,
'upstream_entities': r.upstream_entities
} for r in self.lineage_records]
}
def generate_report(self) -> str:
"""Generate lineage report."""
lines = [f"# Data Lineage Report: {self.project_id}", ""]
lines.append(f"**Generated:** {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')}")
lines.append(f"**Sources:** {len(self.sources)}")
lines.append(f"**Entities:** {len(self.entities)}")
lines.append(f"**Transformations:** {len(self.transformations)}")
lines.append("")
# Sources
lines.append("## Data Sources")
for source in self.sources.values():
lines.append(f"- **{source.name}** ({source.system})")
lines.append(f" - Location: {source.location}")
lines.append(f" - Owner: {source.owner}")
lines.append("")
# Validation
issues = self.validate_lineage()
if issues:
lines.append("## Lineage Issues")
for issue in issues:
lines.append(f"- ⚠️ {issue}")
lines.append("")
# Transformation summary
lines.append("## Transformation Summary")
type_counts = {}
for t in self.transformations.values():
type_counts[t.transformation_type.value] = type_counts.get(t.transformation_type.value, 0) + 1
for t_type, count in sorted(type_counts.items()):
lines.append(f"- {t_type}: {count}")
return "\n".join(lines)
Quick Start
# Initialize tracker
tracker = ConstructionDataLineageTracker("PROJECT-001")
# Register sources
procore = tracker.register_source("Procore", "SaaS", "cloud", "PM Team")
sage = tracker.register_source("Sage 300", "Database", "on-prem", "Finance")
# Register entities
budget = tracker.register_entity("Project Budget", procore.id, "table")
costs = tracker.register_entity("Job Costs", sage.id, "table")
report = tracker.register_entity("Cost Variance Report", procore.id, "file")
# Record transformation
tracker.record_transformation(
transformation_type=TransformationType.JOIN,
description="Join budget and actual costs for variance calculation",
input_entities=[budget.id, costs.id],
output_entities=[report.id],
logic="SELECT b.*, c.actual, (b.budget - c.actual) as variance FROM budget b JOIN costs c ON b.cost_code = c.cost_code",
performed_by="ETL Pipeline"
)
# Trace lineage
upstream = tracker.trace_upstream(report.id)
print("Upstream lineage:", upstream)
# Generate graph
print(tracker.generate_lineage_graph(report.id))
# Export for audit
lineage_data = tracker.export_lineage()
Resources
- Data Governance: DAMA DMBOK lineage guidelines
- Audit Requirements: SOX, ISO compliance