CCXT for Python

A comprehensive guide to using CCXT in Python projects for cryptocurrency exchange integration.

Installation

REST API (Standard)

pip install ccxt

WebSocket API (Real-time, ccxt.pro)

pip install ccxt

Optional Performance Enhancements

pip install orjson # Faster JSON parsing pip install coincurve # Faster ECDSA signing (45ms → 0.05ms)

Both REST and WebSocket APIs are included in the same package.

Quick Start

REST API - Synchronous

import ccxt

exchange = ccxt.binance() exchange.load_markets() ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') print(ticker)

REST API - Asynchronous

import asyncio import ccxt.async_support as ccxt

async def main(): exchange = ccxt.binance() await exchange.load_markets() ticker = await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') print(ticker) await exchange.close() # Important!

asyncio.run(main())

WebSocket API - Real-time Updates

import asyncio import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

async def main(): exchange = ccxtpro.binance() while True: ticker = await exchange.watch_ticker('BTC/USDT') print(ticker) # Live updates! await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

REST vs WebSocket

Import For REST For WebSocket

Sync import ccxt

(WebSocket requires async)

Async import ccxt.async_support as ccxt

import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

Feature REST API WebSocket API

Use for One-time queries, placing orders Real-time monitoring, live price feeds

Method prefix fetch_* (fetch_ticker, fetch_order_book) watch_* (watch_ticker, watch_order_book)

Speed Slower (HTTP request/response) Faster (persistent connection)

Rate limits Strict (1-2 req/sec) More lenient (continuous stream)

Best for Trading, account management Price monitoring, arbitrage detection

When to use REST:

Placing orders
Fetching account balance
One-time data queries
Order management (cancel, fetch orders)

When to use WebSocket:

Real-time price monitoring
Live orderbook updates
Arbitrage detection
Portfolio tracking with live updates

Creating Exchange Instance

REST API - Synchronous

import ccxt

Public API (no authentication)

exchange = ccxt.binance({ 'enableRateLimit': True # Recommended! })

Private API (with authentication)

exchange = ccxt.binance({ 'apiKey': 'YOUR_API_KEY', 'secret': 'YOUR_SECRET', 'enableRateLimit': True })

REST API - Asynchronous

import ccxt.async_support as ccxt

exchange = ccxt.binance({ 'apiKey': 'YOUR_API_KEY', 'secret': 'YOUR_SECRET', 'enableRateLimit': True })

Always close when done

await exchange.close()

WebSocket API

import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

Public WebSocket

exchange = ccxtpro.binance()

Private WebSocket (with authentication)

exchange = ccxtpro.binance({ 'apiKey': 'YOUR_API_KEY', 'secret': 'YOUR_SECRET' })

Always close when done

await exchange.close()

Common REST Operations

Loading Markets

Load all available trading pairs

exchange.load_markets()

Access market information

btc_market = exchange.market('BTC/USDT') print(btc_market['limits']['amount']['min']) # Minimum order amount

Fetching Ticker

Single ticker

ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') print(ticker['last']) # Last price print(ticker['bid']) # Best bid print(ticker['ask']) # Best ask print(ticker['volume']) # 24h volume

Multiple tickers (if supported)

tickers = exchange.fetch_tickers(['BTC/USDT', 'ETH/USDT'])

Fetching Order Book

Full orderbook

orderbook = exchange.fetch_order_book('BTC/USDT') print(orderbook['bids'][0]) # [price, amount] print(orderbook['asks'][0]) # [price, amount]

Limited depth

orderbook = exchange.fetch_order_book('BTC/USDT', 5) # Top 5 levels

Creating Orders

Limit Order

Buy limit order

order = exchange.create_limit_buy_order('BTC/USDT', 0.01, 50000) print(order['id'])

Sell limit order

order = exchange.create_limit_sell_order('BTC/USDT', 0.01, 60000)

Generic limit order

order = exchange.create_order('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

Market Order

Buy market order

order = exchange.create_market_buy_order('BTC/USDT', 0.01)

Sell market order

order = exchange.create_market_sell_order('BTC/USDT', 0.01)

Generic market order

order = exchange.create_order('BTC/USDT', 'market', 'sell', 0.01)

Fetching Balance

balance = exchange.fetch_balance() print(balance['BTC']['free']) # Available balance print(balance['BTC']['used']) # Balance in orders print(balance['BTC']['total']) # Total balance

Fetching Orders

Open orders

open_orders = exchange.fetch_open_orders('BTC/USDT')

Closed orders

closed_orders = exchange.fetch_closed_orders('BTC/USDT')

All orders (open + closed)

all_orders = exchange.fetch_orders('BTC/USDT')

Single order by ID

order = exchange.fetch_order(order_id, 'BTC/USDT')

Fetching Trades

Recent public trades

trades = exchange.fetch_trades('BTC/USDT', limit=10)

Your trades (requires authentication)

my_trades = exchange.fetch_my_trades('BTC/USDT')

Canceling Orders

Cancel single order

exchange.cancel_order(order_id, 'BTC/USDT')

Cancel all orders for a symbol

exchange.cancel_all_orders('BTC/USDT')

WebSocket Operations (Real-time)

Watching Ticker (Live Price Updates)

import asyncio import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

async def main(): exchange = ccxtpro.binance() while True: ticker = await exchange.watch_ticker('BTC/USDT') print(ticker['last'], ticker['timestamp']) await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Watching Order Book (Live Depth Updates)

async def main(): exchange = ccxtpro.binance() while True: orderbook = await exchange.watch_order_book('BTC/USDT') print('Best bid:', orderbook['bids'][0]) print('Best ask:', orderbook['asks'][0]) await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Watching Trades (Live Trade Stream)

async def main(): exchange = ccxtpro.binance() while True: trades = await exchange.watch_trades('BTC/USDT') for trade in trades: print(trade['price'], trade['amount'], trade['side']) await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Watching Your Orders (Live Order Updates)

async def main(): exchange = ccxtpro.binance({ 'apiKey': 'YOUR_API_KEY', 'secret': 'YOUR_SECRET' }) while True: orders = await exchange.watch_orders('BTC/USDT') for order in orders: print(order['id'], order['status'], order['filled']) await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Watching Balance (Live Balance Updates)

async def main(): exchange = ccxtpro.binance({ 'apiKey': 'YOUR_API_KEY', 'secret': 'YOUR_SECRET' }) while True: balance = await exchange.watch_balance() print('BTC:', balance['BTC']) print('USDT:', balance['USDT']) await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Watching Multiple Symbols

async def main(): exchange = ccxtpro.binance() symbols = ['BTC/USDT', 'ETH/USDT', 'SOL/USDT']

while True:
    # Watch all symbols concurrently
    tickers = await exchange.watch_tickers(symbols)
    for symbol, ticker in tickers.items():
        print(symbol, ticker['last'])
await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Complete Method Reference

Market Data Methods

Tickers & Prices

fetchTicker(symbol)
Fetch ticker for one symbol
fetchTickers([symbols])
Fetch multiple tickers at once
fetchBidsAsks([symbols])
Fetch best bid/ask for multiple symbols
fetchLastPrices([symbols])
Fetch last prices
fetchMarkPrices([symbols])
Fetch mark prices (derivatives)

Order Books

fetchOrderBook(symbol, limit)
Fetch order book
fetchOrderBooks([symbols])
Fetch multiple order books
fetchL2OrderBook(symbol)
Fetch level 2 order book
fetchL3OrderBook(symbol)
Fetch level 3 order book (if supported)

Trades

fetchTrades(symbol, since, limit)
Fetch public trades
fetchMyTrades(symbol, since, limit)
Fetch your trades (auth required)
fetchOrderTrades(orderId, symbol)
Fetch trades for specific order

OHLCV (Candlesticks)

fetchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)
Fetch candlestick data
fetchIndexOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)
Fetch index price OHLCV
fetchMarkOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)
Fetch mark price OHLCV
fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)
Fetch premium index OHLCV

Account & Balance

fetchBalance()
Fetch account balance (auth required)
fetchAccounts()
Fetch sub-accounts
fetchLedger(code, since, limit)
Fetch ledger history
fetchLedgerEntry(id, code)
Fetch specific ledger entry
fetchTransactions(code, since, limit)
Fetch transactions
fetchDeposits(code, since, limit)
Fetch deposit history
fetchWithdrawals(code, since, limit)
Fetch withdrawal history
fetchDepositsWithdrawals(code, since, limit)
Fetch both deposits and withdrawals

Trading Methods

Creating Orders

createOrder(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params)
Create order (generic)
createLimitOrder(symbol, side, amount, price)
Create limit order
createMarketOrder(symbol, side, amount)
Create market order
createLimitBuyOrder(symbol, amount, price)
Buy limit order
createLimitSellOrder(symbol, amount, price)
Sell limit order
createMarketBuyOrder(symbol, amount)
Buy market order
createMarketSellOrder(symbol, amount)
Sell market order
createMarketBuyOrderWithCost(symbol, cost)
Buy with specific cost
createStopLimitOrder(symbol, side, amount, price, stopPrice)
Stop-limit order
createStopMarketOrder(symbol, side, amount, stopPrice)
Stop-market order
createStopLossOrder(symbol, side, amount, stopPrice)
Stop-loss order
createTakeProfitOrder(symbol, side, amount, takeProfitPrice)
Take-profit order
createTrailingAmountOrder(symbol, side, amount, trailingAmount)
Trailing stop
createTrailingPercentOrder(symbol, side, amount, trailingPercent)
Trailing stop %
createTriggerOrder(symbol, side, amount, triggerPrice)
Trigger order
createPostOnlyOrder(symbol, side, amount, price)
Post-only order
createReduceOnlyOrder(symbol, side, amount, price)
Reduce-only order
createOrders([orders])
Create multiple orders at once
createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss(symbol, type, side, amount, price, tpPrice, slPrice)
OCO order

Managing Orders

fetchOrder(orderId, symbol)
Fetch single order
fetchOrders(symbol, since, limit)
Fetch all orders
fetchOpenOrders(symbol, since, limit)
Fetch open orders
fetchClosedOrders(symbol, since, limit)
Fetch closed orders
fetchCanceledOrders(symbol, since, limit)
Fetch canceled orders
fetchOpenOrder(orderId, symbol)
Fetch specific open order
fetchOrdersByStatus(status, symbol)
Fetch orders by status
cancelOrder(orderId, symbol)
Cancel single order
cancelOrders([orderIds], symbol)
Cancel multiple orders
cancelAllOrders(symbol)
Cancel all orders for symbol
editOrder(orderId, symbol, type, side, amount, price)
Modify order

Margin & Leverage

fetchBorrowRate(code)
Fetch borrow rate for margin
fetchBorrowRates([codes])
Fetch multiple borrow rates
fetchBorrowRateHistory(code, since, limit)
Historical borrow rates
fetchCrossBorrowRate(code)
Cross margin borrow rate
fetchIsolatedBorrowRate(symbol, code)
Isolated margin borrow rate
borrowMargin(code, amount, symbol)
Borrow margin
repayMargin(code, amount, symbol)
Repay margin
fetchLeverage(symbol)
Fetch leverage
setLeverage(leverage, symbol)
Set leverage
fetchLeverageTiers(symbols)
Fetch leverage tiers
fetchMarketLeverageTiers(symbol)
Leverage tiers for market
setMarginMode(marginMode, symbol)
Set margin mode (cross/isolated)
fetchMarginMode(symbol)
Fetch margin mode

Derivatives & Futures

Positions

fetchPosition(symbol)
Fetch single position
fetchPositions([symbols])
Fetch all positions
fetchPositionsForSymbol(symbol)
Fetch positions for symbol
fetchPositionHistory(symbol, since, limit)
Position history
fetchPositionsHistory(symbols, since, limit)
Multiple position history
fetchPositionMode(symbol)
Fetch position mode (one-way/hedge)
setPositionMode(hedged, symbol)
Set position mode
closePosition(symbol, side)
Close position
closeAllPositions()
Close all positions

Funding & Settlement

fetchFundingRate(symbol)
Current funding rate
fetchFundingRates([symbols])
Multiple funding rates
fetchFundingRateHistory(symbol, since, limit)
Funding rate history
fetchFundingHistory(symbol, since, limit)
Your funding payments
fetchFundingInterval(symbol)
Funding interval
fetchSettlementHistory(symbol, since, limit)
Settlement history
fetchMySettlementHistory(symbol, since, limit)
Your settlement history

Open Interest & Liquidations

fetchOpenInterest(symbol)
Open interest for symbol
fetchOpenInterests([symbols])
Multiple open interests
fetchOpenInterestHistory(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)
OI history
fetchLiquidations(symbol, since, limit)
Public liquidations
fetchMyLiquidations(symbol, since, limit)
Your liquidations

Options

fetchOption(symbol)
Fetch option info
fetchOptionChain(code)
Fetch option chain
fetchGreeks(symbol)
Fetch option greeks
fetchVolatilityHistory(code, since, limit)
Volatility history
fetchUnderlyingAssets()
Fetch underlying assets

Fees & Limits

fetchTradingFee(symbol)
Trading fee for symbol
fetchTradingFees([symbols])
Trading fees for multiple symbols
fetchTradingLimits([symbols])
Trading limits
fetchTransactionFee(code)
Transaction/withdrawal fee
fetchTransactionFees([codes])
Multiple transaction fees
fetchDepositWithdrawFee(code)
Deposit/withdrawal fee
fetchDepositWithdrawFees([codes])
Multiple deposit/withdraw fees

Deposits & Withdrawals

fetchDepositAddress(code, params)
Get deposit address
fetchDepositAddresses([codes])
Multiple deposit addresses
fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork(code)
Addresses by network
createDepositAddress(code, params)
Create new deposit address
fetchDeposit(id, code)
Fetch single deposit
fetchWithdrawal(id, code)
Fetch single withdrawal
fetchWithdrawAddresses(code)
Fetch withdrawal addresses
fetchWithdrawalWhitelist(code)
Fetch whitelist
withdraw(code, amount, address, tag, params)
Withdraw funds
deposit(code, amount, params)
Deposit funds (if supported)

Transfer & Convert

transfer(code, amount, fromAccount, toAccount)
Internal transfer
fetchTransfer(id, code)
Fetch transfer info
fetchTransfers(code, since, limit)
Fetch transfer history
fetchConvertCurrencies()
Currencies available for convert
fetchConvertQuote(fromCode, toCode, amount)
Get conversion quote
createConvertTrade(fromCode, toCode, amount)
Execute conversion
fetchConvertTrade(id)
Fetch convert trade
fetchConvertTradeHistory(code, since, limit)
Convert history

Market Info

fetchMarkets()
Fetch all markets
fetchCurrencies()
Fetch all currencies
fetchTime()
Fetch exchange server time
fetchStatus()
Fetch exchange status
fetchBorrowInterest(code, symbol, since, limit)
Borrow interest paid
fetchLongShortRatio(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)
Long/short ratio
fetchLongShortRatioHistory(symbol, timeframe, since, limit)
L/S ratio history

WebSocket Methods (ccxt.pro)

All REST methods have WebSocket equivalents with watch* prefix:

Real-time Market Data

watchTicker(symbol)
Watch single ticker
watchTickers([symbols])
Watch multiple tickers
watchOrderBook(symbol)
Watch order book updates
watchOrderBookForSymbols([symbols])
Watch multiple order books
watchTrades(symbol)
Watch public trades
watchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe)
Watch candlestick updates
watchBidsAsks([symbols])
Watch best bid/ask

Real-time Account Data (Auth Required)

watchBalance()
Watch balance updates
watchOrders(symbol)
Watch your order updates
watchMyTrades(symbol)
Watch your trade updates
watchPositions([symbols])
Watch position updates
watchPositionsForSymbol(symbol)
Watch positions for symbol

Authentication Required

Methods marked with 🔒 require API credentials:

All create* methods (creating orders, addresses)
All cancel* methods (canceling orders)
All edit* methods (modifying orders)
All fetchMy* methods (your trades, orders)
fetchBalance , fetchLedger , fetchAccounts
withdraw , transfer , deposit
Margin/leverage methods
Position methods
watchBalance , watchOrders , watchMyTrades , watchPositions

Checking Method Availability

Not all exchanges support all methods. Check before using:

// Check if method is supported if (exchange.has['fetchOHLCV']) { const candles = await exchange.fetchOHLCV('BTC/USDT', '1h') }

// Check multiple capabilities console.log(exchange.has) // { // fetchTicker: true, // fetchOHLCV: true, // fetchMyTrades: true, // fetchPositions: false, // ... // }

Method Naming Convention

fetch*
REST API methods (HTTP requests)
watch*
WebSocket methods (real-time streams)
create*
Create new resources (orders, addresses)
cancel*
Cancel existing resources
edit*
Modify existing resources
set*
Configure settings (leverage, margin mode)
*Ws suffix - WebSocket variant (some exchanges)

Proxy Configuration

CCXT supports HTTP, HTTPS, and SOCKS proxies for both REST and WebSocket connections.

Setting Proxy

// HTTP Proxy exchange.httpProxy = 'http://your-proxy-host:port'

// HTTPS Proxy
exchange.httpsProxy = 'https://your-proxy-host:port'

// SOCKS Proxy exchange.socksProxy = 'socks://your-proxy-host:port'

// Proxy with authentication exchange.httpProxy = 'http://user:pass@proxy-host:port'

Proxy for WebSocket

WebSocket connections also respect proxy settings:

exchange.httpsProxy = 'https://proxy:8080' // WebSocket connections will use this proxy

Testing Proxy Connection

exchange.httpProxy = 'http://localhost:8080' try { await exchange.fetchTicker('BTC/USDT') console.log('Proxy working!') } catch (error) { console.error('Proxy connection failed:', error) }

WebSocket-Specific Methods

Some exchanges provide WebSocket variants of REST methods for faster order placement and management. These use the *Ws suffix:

Trading via WebSocket

Creating Orders:

createOrderWs
Create order via WebSocket (faster than REST)
createLimitOrderWs
Create limit order via WebSocket
createMarketOrderWs
Create market order via WebSocket
createLimitBuyOrderWs
Buy limit order via WebSocket
createLimitSellOrderWs
Sell limit order via WebSocket
createMarketBuyOrderWs
Buy market order via WebSocket
createMarketSellOrderWs
Sell market order via WebSocket
createStopLimitOrderWs
Stop-limit order via WebSocket
createStopMarketOrderWs
Stop-market order via WebSocket
createStopLossOrderWs
Stop-loss order via WebSocket
createTakeProfitOrderWs
Take-profit order via WebSocket
createTrailingAmountOrderWs
Trailing stop via WebSocket
createTrailingPercentOrderWs
Trailing stop % via WebSocket
createPostOnlyOrderWs
Post-only order via WebSocket
createReduceOnlyOrderWs
Reduce-only order via WebSocket

Managing Orders:

editOrderWs
Edit order via WebSocket
cancelOrderWs
Cancel order via WebSocket (faster than REST)
cancelOrdersWs
Cancel multiple orders via WebSocket
cancelAllOrdersWs
Cancel all orders via WebSocket

Fetching Data:

fetchOrderWs
Fetch order via WebSocket
fetchOrdersWs
Fetch orders via WebSocket
fetchOpenOrdersWs
Fetch open orders via WebSocket
fetchClosedOrdersWs
Fetch closed orders via WebSocket
fetchMyTradesWs
Fetch your trades via WebSocket
fetchBalanceWs
Fetch balance via WebSocket
fetchPositionWs
Fetch position via WebSocket
fetchPositionsWs
Fetch positions via WebSocket
fetchPositionsForSymbolWs
Fetch positions for symbol via WebSocket
fetchTradingFeesWs
Fetch trading fees via WebSocket

When to Use WebSocket Methods

Use *Ws methods when:

You need faster order placement (lower latency)
You're already connected via WebSocket
You want to reduce REST API rate limit usage
Trading strategies require sub-100ms latency

Use REST methods when:

You need guaranteed execution confirmation
You're making one-off requests
The exchange doesn't support the WebSocket variant
You need detailed error responses

Example: Order Placement Comparison

REST API (slower, more reliable):

const order = await exchange.createOrder('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

WebSocket API (faster, lower latency):

const order = await exchange.createOrderWs('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

Checking WebSocket Method Availability

Not all exchanges support WebSocket trading methods:

if (exchange.has['createOrderWs']) { // Exchange supports WebSocket order creation const order = await exchange.createOrderWs('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000) } else { // Fall back to REST const order = await exchange.createOrder('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000) }

Authentication

Setting API Keys

import os

During instantiation (recommended)

exchange = ccxt.binance({ 'apiKey': os.environ.get('BINANCE_API_KEY'), 'secret': os.environ.get('BINANCE_SECRET'), 'enableRateLimit': True })

After instantiation

exchange.apiKey = os.environ.get('BINANCE_API_KEY') exchange.secret = os.environ.get('BINANCE_SECRET')

Testing Authentication

try: balance = exchange.fetch_balance() print('Authentication successful!') except ccxt.AuthenticationError: print('Invalid API credentials')

Error Handling

Exception Hierarchy

BaseError ├─ NetworkError (recoverable - retry) │ ├─ RequestTimeout │ ├─ ExchangeNotAvailable │ ├─ RateLimitExceeded │ └─ DDoSProtection └─ ExchangeError (non-recoverable - don't retry) ├─ AuthenticationError ├─ InsufficientFunds ├─ InvalidOrder └─ NotSupported

Basic Error Handling

import ccxt

try: ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') except ccxt.NetworkError as e: print('Network error - retry:', str(e)) except ccxt.ExchangeError as e: print('Exchange error - do not retry:', str(e)) except Exception as e: print('Unknown error:', str(e))

Specific Exception Handling

try: order = exchange.create_order('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000) except ccxt.InsufficientFunds: print('Not enough balance') except ccxt.InvalidOrder: print('Invalid order parameters') except ccxt.RateLimitExceeded: print('Rate limit hit - wait before retrying') exchange.sleep(1000) # Wait 1 second except ccxt.AuthenticationError: print('Check your API credentials')

Retry Logic for Network Errors

def fetch_with_retry(max_retries=3): for i in range(max_retries): try: return exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') except ccxt.NetworkError: if i < max_retries - 1: print(f'Retry {i + 1}/{max_retries}') exchange.sleep(1000 * (i + 1)) # Exponential backoff else: raise

Async vs Sync

When to Use Sync

Simple scripts
Single exchange operations
Jupyter notebooks
Quick testing

When to Use Async

Multiple concurrent operations
WebSocket connections (required)
High-performance trading bots
Multiple exchange monitoring

Sync Example

import ccxt

exchange = ccxt.binance({'enableRateLimit': True}) ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') print(ticker['last'])

Async Example

import asyncio import ccxt.async_support as ccxt

async def main(): exchange = ccxt.binance({'enableRateLimit': True}) ticker = await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') print(ticker['last']) await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Multiple Exchanges Async

async def fetch_all(): exchanges = [ ccxt.binance({'enableRateLimit': True}), ccxt.coinbase({'enableRateLimit': True}), ccxt.kraken({'enableRateLimit': True}) ]

# Fetch concurrently
tasks = [ex.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') for ex in exchanges]
tickers = await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)

for ex, ticker in zip(exchanges, tickers):
    if isinstance(ticker, Exception):
        print(f'{ex.id}: ERROR - {ticker}')
    else:
        print(f'{ex.id}: ${ticker["last"]}')
    await ex.close()

asyncio.run(fetch_all())

Rate Limiting

Built-in Rate Limiter (Recommended)

exchange = ccxt.binance({ 'enableRateLimit': True # Automatically throttles requests })

Manual Delays

exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') exchange.sleep(1000) # Wait 1 second (milliseconds) exchange.fetch_ticker('ETH/USDT')

Checking Rate Limit

print(exchange.rateLimit) # Milliseconds between requests

Common Pitfalls

Forgetting await in Async Mode

Wrong - returns coroutine, not data

async def wrong(): ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') # Missing await! print(ticker['last']) # ERROR

Correct

async def correct(): ticker = await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') print(ticker['last']) # Works!

Using Sync for WebSocket

Wrong - WebSocket requires async

import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro exchange = ccxtpro.binance() ticker = exchange.watch_ticker('BTC/USDT') # ERROR: Need await!

Correct

import asyncio import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

async def main(): exchange = ccxtpro.binance() ticker = await exchange.watch_ticker('BTC/USDT') await exchange.close()

asyncio.run(main())

Not Closing Async Exchange

Wrong - resource leak

async def wrong(): exchange = ccxt.binance() await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') # Forgot to close!

Correct

async def correct(): exchange = ccxt.binance() try: await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') finally: await exchange.close()

Using Sync in Async Code

Wrong - blocks event loop

async def wrong(): exchange = ccxt.binance() # Sync import! ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') # Blocking!

Correct

import ccxt.async_support as ccxt

async def correct(): exchange = ccxt.binance() ticker = await exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') await exchange.close()

Using REST for Real-time Monitoring

Wrong - wastes rate limits

while True: ticker = exchange.fetch_ticker('BTC/USDT') # REST print(ticker['last']) exchange.sleep(1000)

Correct - use WebSocket

import ccxt.pro as ccxtpro

async def correct(): exchange = ccxtpro.binance() while True: ticker = await exchange.watch_ticker('BTC/USDT') # WebSocket print(ticker['last']) await exchange.close()

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

"ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ccxt'"

Solution: Run pip install ccxt

"RateLimitExceeded"

Solution: Enable rate limiter: 'enableRateLimit': True
Or add manual delays between requests

"AuthenticationError"

Solution: Check API key and secret
Verify API key permissions on exchange
Check system clock is synced (use NTP)

"InvalidNonce"

Solution: Sync system clock
Use only one exchange instance per API key

"InsufficientFunds"

Solution: Check available balance (balance['BTC']['free'] )
Account for trading fees

"ExchangeNotAvailable"

Solution: Check exchange status/maintenance
Retry after a delay

SSL/Certificate errors

Solution: Update certifi: pip install --upgrade certifi

Slow performance

Solution: Install performance enhancements:
pip install orjson (faster JSON)
pip install coincurve (faster signing)

Debugging

Enable verbose logging

exchange.verbose = True

Check exchange capabilities

print(exchange.has)

{

'fetchTicker': True,

'fetchOrderBook': True,

'createOrder': True,

...

}

Check market information

print(exchange.markets['BTC/USDT'])

Check last request/response

print(exchange.last_http_response) print(exchange.last_json_response)

Learn More

CCXT Manual
CCXT Pro Documentation
Supported Exchanges
GitHub Repository

ccxt-python

Safety Notice

Copy this and send it to your AI assistant to learn

Public API (no authentication)

Private API (with authentication)

Always close when done

Public WebSocket

Private WebSocket (with authentication)

Always close when done

Load all available trading pairs

Access market information

Single ticker

Multiple tickers (if supported)

Full orderbook

Limited depth

Buy limit order

Sell limit order

Generic limit order

Buy market order

Sell market order

Generic market order

Open orders

Closed orders

All orders (open + closed)

Single order by ID

Recent public trades

Your trades (requires authentication)

Cancel single order

Cancel all orders for a symbol

During instantiation (recommended)

After instantiation

Wrong - returns coroutine, not data

Correct

Wrong - WebSocket requires async

Correct

Wrong - resource leak

Correct

Wrong - blocks event loop

Correct

Wrong - wastes rate limits

Correct - use WebSocket

Enable verbose logging

Check exchange capabilities

{

'fetchTicker': True,

'fetchOrderBook': True,

'createOrder': True,

...

}

Check market information

Check last request/response

Source Transparency

Related Skills

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