Next.js 16 + React 19 + TinaCMS Skill

Two primary workflows:

1. New Project: Scaffold Next.js 16 + TinaCMS with blocks page builder, visual editing, complete SEO, Tailwind CSS 4, shadcn/ui
2. Add CMS: Integrate TinaCMS into an existing Next.js 15/16 project

Why This Stack

• Next.js 16 — Turbopack default, "use cache" directive, proxy.ts replaces middleware, async params required, React 19.2
• TinaCMS 3.x — Git-backed headless CMS, visual click-to-edit, GraphQL API from code-first schema, admin UI at /admin
• React 19.2 — Server Components stable, Actions, use() hook, View Transitions, React Compiler (opt-in)
• Tailwind CSS 4 — CSS-first config, @import "tailwindcss", no tailwind.config.js needed
• shadcn/ui — Copy-paste components, works with Tailwind, not a versioned package

Critical Knowledge

1. Server-Client split is mandatory. useTina() requires "use client". Every editable page needs a Server Component (data fetcher) and a Client Component (visual editing wrapper). No global TinaProvider needed in TinaCMS v2+.
2. Build order matters. Always "build": "tinacms build && next build". Running next build first → Cannot find module '../tina/__generated__/client'.
3. Pin exact TinaCMS versions. No caret ranges. UI assets partially served from CDN and drift from local CLI. Keep all tinacms and @tinacms/* synced via RenovateBot grouping.
4. tina/__generated__/ MUST be committed. Files _graphql.json, _lookup.json, _schema.json, and tina-lock.json are needed for production builds.
5. Async params in Next.js 16. Every page.tsx, layout.tsx, route.ts must await params — sync access fully removed.
6. proxy.ts replaces middleware.ts in Next.js 16. Auth, redirects, and request manipulation move to app/proxy.ts running on Node.js runtime.
7. Node.js ≥ 20.9.0 required. Next.js 16 dropped Node 18.
8. Field names: alphanumeric + underscores only. Hyphens/spaces in schema field names cause build errors.
9. pnpm required for TinaCMS ≥ 2.7.3. npm/yarn may have module resolution issues.
10. Dev command is tinacms dev -c "next dev". Never next dev alone — the local GraphQL server won't run.
11. Self-hosted TinaCMS does NOT work in Edge Runtime (Cloudflare Workers, Vercel Edge Functions). Marked wontfix.
12. useTina() returns props.data unchanged in production — zero overhead. Only subscribes to live updates in edit mode.

Version Floors

Before scaffolding, look up current stable versions (npm view <pkg> version). Minimum floors:

Workflow: New Project

Follow the 247-task checklist in references/day0-2-checklist.md task-by-task. The sections below summarize the architecture — the checklist has the exhaustive implementation details.

Step 1: Scaffold & Install

npx create-next-app@latest my-site --typescript --tailwind --app --src-dir --turbopack
cd my-site
npx @tinacms/cli@latest init

Verify: tinacms dev → confirm /admin loads at http://localhost:3000/admin/index.html.

Step 2: Configure Package Management

Pin exact TinaCMS versions. Add renovate.json — see references/day0-2-checklist.md § Stack Versions for config.

Step 3: Schema Design in tina/config.ts

Read references/nextjs16-react19-tinacms-reference.md § Schema Design Patterns for full examples. Use templates/tina-config-starter.ts as starting point.

Required collections:

Singleton pattern:

ui: { global: true, allowedActions: { create: false, delete: false } }

Blocks pattern:

{
  type: 'object', list: true, name: 'blocks', label: 'Page Sections',
  ui: { visualSelector: true },
  templates: [heroBlock, featuresBlock, contentBlock, ctaBlock, faqBlock],
}

Every block template needs: ui.previewSrc, ui.defaultItem, section style group (layout/background/height/textColor as enums mapped to Tailwind classes).

Field quality — enforce on every field:

• isTitle: true on title fields, required: true on mandatory fields
• ui.validate for character limits, format validation
• ui.description for editorial guidance
• ui.itemProps on every list field with meaningful labels
• ui.component: 'textarea' on multi-line strings, 'group' for collapsible groups

Reusable field groups — extract as shared variables: seoFields, ctaFields, linkFields, responsiveImageFields, sectionStyleFields.

Content hooks:

ui: {
  beforeSubmit: async ({ values }) => ({
    ...values,
    slug: values.title.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '-').replace(/[^a-z0-9-]/g, ''),
    modifiedDate: new Date().toISOString(),
  }),
}

Step 4: Server-Client Page Pattern

See templates/page-server-client.tsx for the complete pattern.

// app/[...slug]/page.tsx — Server Component
import client from '@/tina/__generated__/client'
import PageClient from './client-page'

export default async function Page({ params }: { params: Promise<{ slug: string[] }> }) {
  const { slug } = await params
  const relativePath = `${slug.join('/')}.md`
  const { data, query, variables } = await client.queries.page({ relativePath })
  return <PageClient data={data} query={query} variables={variables} />
}

export async function generateStaticParams() {
  const pages = await client.queries.pageConnection()
  return pages.data.pageConnection.edges?.map((edge) => ({
    slug: edge?.node?._sys.breadcrumbs,
  })) ?? []
}

// app/[...slug]/client-page.tsx — Client Component
'use client'
import { useTina, tinaField } from 'tinacms/dist/react'
import { Blocks } from '@/components/blocks'

export default function PageClient(props: { data: any; query: string; variables: any }) {
  const { data } = useTina(props)
  return (
    <main data-tina-field={tinaField(data.page, 'blocks')}>
      <Blocks blocks={data.page.blocks} />
    </main>
  )
}

Step 5: Visual Editing & Draft Mode

Draft Mode API route (app/api/preview/route.ts):

import { draftMode } from 'next/headers'
import { redirect } from 'next/navigation'

export async function GET(request: Request) {
  const { searchParams } = new URL(request.url)
  const slug = searchParams.get('slug') || '/'
  ;(await draftMode()).enable()
  redirect(slug)
}

Visual editing debug checklist — if click-to-edit doesn't work:

1. Draft mode enabled? (/api/preview)
2. Component is "use client"?
3. useTina() called with correct { data, query, variables } props?
4. data-tina-field={tinaField(data.page, 'fieldName')} on DOM elements (not wrapper components)?
5. Tina dev server running? (tinacms dev)
6. Types generated and current? (tina/__generated__/)

ui.router on every content collection for contextual editing preview:

ui: { router: ({ document }) => `/blog/${document._sys.filename}` }

Step 6: Complete SEO Implementation

Read references/day0-2-checklist.md — Day 1 tasks 1.16–1.98 for the exhaustive 80+ SEO field specs covering global settings singleton, per-page SEO object, article fields, JSON-LD schemas, OG tags, Twitter cards, discovery files.

Key patterns:

SEO description waterfall:

1. metaDescription (explicit) → 2. excerpt → 3. Auto-truncated content → 4. siteDescription (global)

generateMetadata() in every page:

export async function generateMetadata({ params }: Props): Promise<Metadata> {
  const { slug } = await params
  const { data } = await client.queries.page({ relativePath: `${slug}.md` })
  const seo = data.page.seo
  const global = await client.queries.global({ relativePath: 'settings.json' })
  return {
    title: seo?.metaTitle || data.page.title,
    description: resolveDescription(seo, data.page, global.data.global),
    openGraph: {
      images: resolveOgImage(seo, global.data.global),
      type: 'website',
      siteName: global.data.global.siteName,
    },
    robots: { index: !seo?.noIndex, follow: !seo?.noFollow },
    alternates: { canonical: seo?.canonical || `${global.data.global.siteUrl}/${slug}` },
  }
}

JSON-LD — on every page: Organization, WebSite (homepage), WebPage, Article/BlogPosting (posts), BreadcrumbList, FAQPage (FAQ blocks).

Discovery files:

• app/sitemap.ts — dynamic from all collections, respects noIndex/draft
• app/robots.ts — disallows /admin, /api/preview
• app/feed.xml/route.ts — RSS for blog

Step 7: Caching Strategy

async function getPage(slug: string) {
  'use cache'
  cacheLife({ stale: 300, revalidate: 60, expire: 3600 })
  const { data } = await client.queries.page({ relativePath: `${slug}.md` })
  return data
}

Draft mode bypasses all caches (confirmed after Next.js PR #77141). Next.js 15+ changed fetch() default to no-store — explicitly opt into caching.

Step 8: Media Management

All providers integrate with next/image — add images.remotePatterns in next.config.js.

Step 9: Build & Deploy

{
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "tinacms dev -c \"next dev\"",
    "build": "tinacms build && next build",
    "start": "next start"
  }
}

Vercel env vars for Tina Cloud:

NEXT_PUBLIC_TINA_CLIENT_ID=<from app.tina.io>
TINA_TOKEN=<read-only token>
NEXT_PUBLIC_TINA_BRANCH=main

Vercel env vars for self-hosted:

TINA_PUBLIC_IS_LOCAL=false
GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN=ghp_xxx
NEXTAUTH_SECRET=<random-secret>
KV_REST_API_URL=https://xxx.kv.vercel-storage.com
KV_REST_API_TOKEN=xxx

Workflow: Self-Hosted TinaCMS

Three pluggable components: database adapter (Vercel KV / MongoDB / custom), git provider (GitHub), auth provider (AuthJS/Clerk).

Read references/nextjs16-react19-tinacms-reference.md § Self-Hosted TinaCMS for database.ts configuration.

Choose self-hosting for: full control, cost sensitivity, open-source purity. Choose Tina Cloud for: quick setup, non-technical teams, built-in editorial workflow ($29-599/mo).

Common Gotchas

Anti-Patterns

Reference Files