Performance Tuning

Optimize Linux system performance.

System Monitoring

top / htop # Process monitoring vmstat 1 # Memory statistics iostat -x 1 # Disk I/O sar -n DEV 1 # Network statistics perf top # CPU profiling

Kernel Parameters

/etc/sysctl.d/99-performance.conf

vm.swappiness = 10 net.core.somaxconn = 65535 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535 fs.file-max = 2097152 vm.dirty_ratio = 40 vm.dirty_background_ratio = 10

File Descriptor Limits

/etc/security/limits.conf

• soft nofile 65535
• hard nofile 65535
• soft nproc 65535
• hard nproc 65535

Disk I/O

Change scheduler

echo noop > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler

Enable trim for SSDs

fstrim -av

Network Tuning

Increase buffers

sysctl -w net.core.rmem_max=134217728 sysctl -w net.core.wmem_max=134217728

Best Practices

• Profile before optimizing

• Change one parameter at a time

• Monitor impact of changes

• Document all tuning